Manyan Manyan Kayan Gudanar da Rarraba Rarraba-Buɗe 3 na Linux


Gudanar da kunshin kaya ko girka software akan tsarin Linux na iya zama mai matukar daure kai musamman ma ga sababbin sababbin (sabbin masu amfani da Linux), saboda rabe-raben Linux daban-daban suna amfani da tsarin sarrafa kunshin daban daban. Mafi sashin rikicewar sa duka a mafi yawan lokuta shine ƙudurin dogaro/gudanarwa.

Misali, Debian da dangoginsu kamar Ubuntu suna amfani da .deb fakitin da aka gudanar ta amfani da tsarin sarrafa kunshin RPM.

A cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata, sarrafa kunshin da rarrabawa a cikin tsarin halittu na Linux bai taɓa zama iri ɗaya ba bayan haɓakar kayan aiki na yau da kullun ko rarraba kayan aiki. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna ba masu haɓaka damar shirya software ko aikace-aikacen su don rarraba Linux da yawa, daga gini ɗaya, yana mai sauƙaƙa ga masu amfani don girka wannan kunshin akan rarraba tallafi da yawa.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu sake nazarin manyan hanyoyin buɗe-tushen duniya guda uku ko tsarin kula da kintsa-rarraba abubuwa don Linux.

1. Kwashewa

Snap sanannen tsari ne na bude-tushen aikace-aikace/kunshin tsari da tsarin gudanar da kunshin da Canonical, masu kera Ubuntu Linux suka haɓaka. Yawancin rarraba Linux yanzu suna tallafawa hotuna ciki har da Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Arch Linux, Manjaro, da CentOS/RHEL.

Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen rarrabawa an haɗa shi tare da duk abubuwan dogaro (ba mai dogaro) don sauƙin shigarwa akan kowane rarraba Linux wanda ke tallafawa snaps. Saukar hoto na iya aiki a kan tebur, uwar garke, a cikin girgije, ko IoT (Intanit na Abubuwa).

Don ƙirƙirar ko karɓa aikace-aikace, kuna amfani da snapcraft, tsari, da kuma kayan aiki mai ƙarfi na yin oda. Don shigarwa da amfani da snaps a cikin Linux yana buƙatar shigar da snapd (ko snappy daemon), sabis na bango wanda zai ba da damar tsarin Linux suyi aiki tare da fayilolin .snap . Ainihin shigarwa na snaps anyi shi ta amfani da kayan aikin layin umarni.

Saboda suna gudana a ƙarƙashin wani ƙuntatawa (matakan tsarewa daban da masu daidaitawa), snaps suna da tsaro ta tsohuwa. Mahimmanci, karyewar da ake buƙata don samun damar samar da kayan aiki a waje da tsarewarta tana amfani da\"keɓaɓɓen" wanda mahaliccin snap ya zaɓa a hankali, gwargwadon buƙatun ƙirar. Wannan yana ba ku damar gudanar da aikace-aikace ba tare da yin lahani ga tushen tsarin aiki da kwanciyar hankali da sassauci ba. .

Bugu da ƙari, tsarin sarrafa kunshin snap yana amfani da wata ma'anar da ake kira tashoshi (wanda ya ƙunshi kuma aka raba shi ta hanyar waƙoƙi, matakan haɗari, da rassa) don ƙayyade wane saki ne aka shigar kuma aka bi shi don sabuntawa. Snaps kuma sabuntawa ta atomatik, aikin da zaka iya sarrafawa da hannu.

Don nemowa da sanya hoto, bincika shi a cikin shagon snap (wurin da masu haɓaka zasu iya raba ɓatansu) ko karanta ƙarin game da shi ta amfani da jagororinmu:

  • Jagorar farawa Jagora zuwa Snaps a cikin Linux - Sashe na 1
  • Yadda Ake Sarrafa Snaps a cikin Linux - Sashe na 2

2. FlatPak

Flatpak sanannen tsarin buɗe ido ne don rarraba aikace-aikacen tebur akan abubuwan Linux. Latungiya mai zaman kanta ta haɓaka, Flatpak yana ba da izinin gina aikace-aikace guda ɗaya don shigarwa da gudana akan kusan kowane rarraba Linux. Yana tallafawa jimlar rarraba 25 da suka haɗa da Fedora, Ubuntu, RHEL, CentOS, OpenSUSE, Arch Linux, sannan kuma suna kan Rasberi Pi.

Flatpak's runtimes suna samar da dandamali na ɗakunan karatu na yau da kullun waɗanda aikace-aikace na iya amfani dasu. Koyaya, Hakanan yana sauƙaƙa maka sauƙi don samun cikakken iko akan abubuwan dogaro, zaka iya haɗa ɗakunan karatu naka azaman ɓangare na aikace-aikacen ka.

Flatpak ya zo tare da sauƙin amfani da kayan aikin gini kuma yana ba da daidaitaccen yanayi (iri ɗaya a cikin na'urori kuma kwatankwacin abin da masu amfani suke da shi) don masu haɓaka don ginawa da gwada aikace-aikacen su.

Wani fasali mai amfani na flatpak shine daidaituwa ta gaba inda za'a iya gudanar da wannan flatpak a kan nau'uka daban-daban na rarraba iri ɗaya, gami da nau'ikan da har yanzu ba'a fito da su ba. Hakanan yana ƙoƙari kuma yana ci gaba da dacewa tare da sababbin nau'ikan rarraba Linux.

Idan kai mai haɓaka ne, zaka iya samar da aikace-aikacenka ga masu amfani da Linux ta hanyar Flathub, sabis na tsakiya don rarraba aikace-aikace akan duk rarrabawa.

3. AppImage

AppImage shima sigar buɗe-tushen kunshin tsari ce wacce ke bawa masu haɓaka damar tattara aikace-aikacen sau ɗaya, wanda ke gudana a kan dukkan manyan abubuwan rarraba Linux na tebur. Ba kamar tsarukan kunshin da suka gabata ba, tare da AppImage, babu buƙatar shigar da kunshin. Kawai sauke aikace-aikacen da kuka yi niyyar amfani da shi, sanya shi aiwatarwa, da gudanar da shi - yana da sauƙi. Yana tallafawa mafi yawan bitto na 32-bit da 64-bit na Linux.

AppImage ya zo da fa'idodi da yawa. Ga masu haɓakawa, yana ba su damar isa ga masu amfani da yawa yadda yakamata, komai rarraba Linux da masu amfani da sigar suna gudana. Ga masu amfani, ba sa buƙatar damuwa da dogaro da aikace-aikace kamar yadda kowane AppImage ke haɗe tare da duk abin dogaro (app ɗaya = fayil ɗaya). Gwada sabbin sifofin aikace-aikace shima mai sauki ne tare da AppImage.

Ga masu kula da tsarin waɗanda ke tallafawa adadi mai yawa na tsarin tebur kuma yawanci suna toshe masu amfani daga girka aikace-aikacen da zasu iya lalata tsarin, basu buƙatar sake damuwa ba. Tare da AppImage, tsarin ya kasance cikakke saboda masu amfani ba dole bane su girka ƙa'idodi don gudanar dasu.

Tsarin kunshin duniya ko rarraba-giciye sune fasahar zamani don tsarawa da rarraba software a cikin tsarin halittu na Linux. Koyaya, tsarin sarrafa kunshin gargajiya yana riƙe da matsayin sa. Menene ra'ayinku? Raba shi tare da mu ta hanyar sashen sharhi.