Menene PostgreSQL? Yaya PostgreSQL ke Aiki?

PostgreSQL shine tsarin ingantaccen tsarin buɗe tushen tsarin samarda kayan aiki wanda aka haɓaka ta PostgreSQL Global Development Group. Yana da tsarin tattara bayanai mai karfi kuma mai matukar kusan-kusan-kusan abu wanda ya shahara saboda amincin sa, karfin fasalin sa, da kuma aikin sa. An san cewa za'a iya daidaita shi sosai a cikin adadin bayanan da zai iya adanawa da sarrafawa kuma a cikin adadin masu amfani dashi wanda zai iya karɓar su.

Ana samun PostgreSQL kuma an rarraba a ƙarƙashin Lasisin PostgreSQL, lasisin buɗe tushen buɗe ido. Wannan yana nuna cewa zaka iya saukar da software, kayi amfani da ita, ka gyara shi, kuma ka rarraba shi kyauta ta kowane dalili. Hakanan dandamali ne, yana gudana akan Linux, Windows, da macOS, da sauran tsarin aiki da yawa.

  • Zazzage PostgreSQL 12

Yana amfani da faɗaɗa yaren SQL tare da abubuwa da yawa masu ƙarfi da na zamani. Kodayake yana da dacewa da SQL inda yawancin abubuwanda ake buƙata ta hanyar SQL suna tallafawa (sabon sigar PostgreSQL shine 12 a lokacin rubutu yana tabbatar da aƙalla 160 daga cikin halaye 179 na tilas akan SQL), akwai ɗan bambanci kaɗan a cikin aiwatar da aiki ko aiki.

PostgreSQL yana amfani da samfurin uwar garken abokin ciniki inda abokin ciniki da uwar garken zasu iya zama a kan runduna daban-daban a cikin yanayin sadarwar. Shirye-shiryen uwar garke yana sarrafa fayilolin bayanai, yana karɓar haɗi zuwa kundin bayanai daga aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki. Zai iya ɗaukar haɗin kai dayawa daga abokan ciniki ta\"forking" sabon tsari ga kowane haɗin. Yana aiwatar da buƙatun bayanan daga abokan ciniki kuma ya aika sakamakon ga abokan ciniki. Abokan ciniki na nesa zasu iya haɗuwa ta hanyar sadarwa ko intanet zuwa sabar.

Shirye-shiryen abokan ciniki masu inganci sun haɗa da kayan aikin daidaitaccen rubutu waɗanda suke jigilar tare da PostgreSQL, kayan aikin zane, ko aikace-aikacen da aka haɓaka ta amfani da wasu yarukan shirye-shirye.

Mahimman Ayyuka na PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL tana tallafawa nau'ikan bayanai da yawa gami da abubuwan farko (kamar kirtani, adadi, adadi, da boolean), tsararru (kamar kwanan wata/lokaci, tsararru, kewayo, da UUID), daftarin aiki (JSON, JSONB, XML, Key-Value (Hstore) ). Yana tallafawa mutuncin bayanai ta amfani da fasali kamar UNIQUE, NOT NULL, firamare da maɓallan waje, ƙuntatawa na keɓewa, bayyane da makullin shawara.

  • An gina shi ne don daidaituwa da aiwatarwa ta amfani da fasali da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da fihirisa da ci gaba mai yawa, ma'amaloli da ma'amala masu gurɓatuwa, sarrafa ma'amala iri-iri (MVCC), daidaituwa da tambayoyin karatu, da gina alamun B-itace, rarraba tebur, Just -In-Lokaci (JIT) tattara maganganu, da ƙari.
  • Don tabbatar da abin dogaro, sake bayanai, samarwa mai yawa, da kuma dawo da bala'i, PostgreSQL yana ba da fasali kamar aikin shiga gaba (WAL), maimaitawar bawan-bawa, tsayayyar aiki, da kuma dawo-da-lokacin-dawowa (PITR), kuma yafi. Duk waɗannan suna ba da izinin ƙaddamar tarin tarin mahaɗan tarin bayanai waɗanda zasu iya adana da sarrafa manyan kundin (terabytes) na bayanai, da kuma tsarurruka na musamman waɗanda ke sarrafa petabytes.
  • Mahimmanci, PostgreSQL kuma ana iya bayyana shi ta hanyoyi da yawa. Don fadada shi, zaku iya amfani da ayyuka da hanyoyin da aka adana, harsunan aiwatarwa gami da PL/PGSQL, Perl, Python, maganganun hanyar SQL/JSON, masu nade bayanan baƙi, da ƙari. Hakanan zaka iya fadada ainihin aikinta ta amfani da kari da yawa wanda al'umma suka haɓaka.
    • Tsaro kuma yana cikin zuciyar Postgres. Don kare bayanan bayanan ku, yana ba da nau'ikan tabbatarwa iri daban-daban (gami da GSSAPI, SSPI, LDAP, SCRAM-SHA-256, Takaddun shaida, da sauransu), tsarin kula da samun dama mai ƙarfi, shafi, da kuma matakan tsaro a jere, gami da yawa- Tantance kalmar sirri tare da takaddun shaida da ƙarin hanya. Koyaya, kyakkyawan tsarin sabar bayanan tsaro koyaushe yakamata yafara daga cibiyar sadarwar da layin sabar.

Abokan ciniki da Kayan aiki na PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL na samarwa da tallafawa aikace-aikace na abokan ciniki da yawa don gudanar da tsarin tattara bayanai kamar su psql mai amfani da layin umarni da pgadmin, hanyar yanar gizo mai tushen PHP don gudanar da aikin tattara bayanai (wanda shine hanya mafi falala).

Don amfani da rumbun adana bayanan PostgreSQL don adana bayanai don aikace-aikacenku, zaku iya haɗa aikace-aikacenku ta amfani da kowane ɗayan ɗakunan karatu ko direbobi masu tallafi, don wadatar shahararrun yarukan shirye-shirye. libpq sanannen tsarin shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen C ne zuwa PostgreSQL, shine asalin injin don wasu sauran aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen PostgreSQL.

Ana amfani da PostgreSQL a RedHat, Debian, Apple, Sun Microsystem, Cisco, da sauran kamfanoni da kungiyoyi da yawa.

Bincika waɗannan jagororin masu dangantaka don saita aikace-aikacenku tare da bayanan PostgreSQL akan Linux.

  • Yadda ake Shigar PostgreSQL a cikin RHEL 8
  • Yadda ake Shigar PostgreSQL da pgAdmin a cikin CentOS 8
  • Yadda za a Sanya Bayanan PostgreSQL a cikin Debian 10
  • Yadda ake Shigar PgAdmin 4 Debian 10
  • Yadda ake Shigar da Amfani da PostgreSQL akan Ubuntu 18.04
  • Yadda ake Shigar PostgreSQL tare da PhpPgAdmin akan OpenSUSE