Yadda ake Shigar da LEMP Stack tare da PhpMyAdmin a cikin Ubuntu 20.04


Ga waɗanda ba ku san abin da LEMP yake ba - wannan haɗin haɗin software ne - Linux, Nginx (mai suna EngineX), MariaDB da PHP.

Kuna iya amfani da LEMP don dalilai na gwaji guda biyu ko a cikin yanayin samarwa na ainihi don ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen yanar gizo ta amfani da tsarin PHP kamar Laravel ko Yii, ko tsarin sarrafa abun ciki kamar Joomla

Kuna iya mamakin menene bambanci tsakanin Fitila da LEMP. Da kyau, bambanci kawai shine sabar yanar gizo wanda aka haɗa - Apache (a cikin LAMP) da Nginx (a cikin LEMP). Dukansu sabobin yanar gizo suna da kyau sosai kuma yayin da Apache shine wanda akafi amfani dashi, Nginx baya ja baya ta kowace hanya.

Wani aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani dashi wanda aka saba sanya shi tare da tarin LEMP shine PhpMyAdmin - kayan aiki ne na yanar gizo na PHP don gudanar da sabar MySQL/MariaDB daga mashigar yanar gizo.

Idan kuna neman saitin LAMP don Ubuntu 20.04 ɗinku, to yakamata ku karanta jagoran saitin LAMP ɗinmu akan Ubuntu 20.04.

  1. Jagorar Shigar da Ubuntu 20.04 Server

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake girka da saita saitin LEMP tare da PhpMyAdmin a cikin sabar Ubuntu 20.04.

Mataki 1: Shigar da Nginx akan Ubuntu 20.04

1. Nginx shine sabar gidan yanar gizo mai sauri wanda aka tsara shi don sadar da haɗin haɗin kai dayawa ba tare da cinye albarkatun uwar garken da yawa ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa sau da yawa zaɓaɓɓen zaɓi a cikin yanayin kasuwancin.

NGINX kuma ana amfani dashi azaman ma'aunin ɗaukar kaya da ma'ajin abun ciki na yanar gizo. Yana tallafawa masu amfani da suna da kuma tushen tushen IP (kwatankwacin rundunonin kama-da-wane a Apache).

Kuna iya shigar da Nginx akan teburin ku na Ubuntu 20.04 ko sabar ta hanyar aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install nginx

Ana adana fayilolin sanyi na Nginx a ƙarƙashin adireshin/sauransu/nginx kuma babban fayil ɗin saitin sa shine /etc/nginx/nginx.conf. Mahimmanci, tushen daftarin aiki na asali don adana fayilolin gidan yanar gizon ku shine/usr/share/nginx/html /. Amma zaka iya amfani da daidaitattun/var/www/html wanda yakamata a saita shi a cikin gidan yanar gizonku ko aikace-aikacen uwar garken toshe fayil ɗin sanyi.

2. Mai shigar da kunshin Ubuntu yana haifar da tsari don fara sabis na Nginx kuma ba shi damar farawa ta atomatik duk lokacin da aka sake sabunta sabar. Yi amfani da umarnin systemctl masu zuwa don tabbatar da cewa sabis ɗin yana gudana kuma an kunna shi.

$ sudo systemctl status nginx 
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled nginx

3. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a bincika ko shigarwar Nginx ta yi nasara ta hanyar kiran shafin Nginx ta hanyar burauzar ta amfani da adireshin IP na uwar garke.

http://SERVER_IP

Idan baku san adireshin IP ɗin uwar garkenku ba, zaku iya samun amfani da umarnin IP kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ ip addr show

NGINX shafin yanar gizon da ya dace ya ɗora kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke zuwa, yana tabbatar da shigarwa daidai da aiki.

Mataki 2: Shigar da bayanan MariaDB akan Ubuntu 20.04

4. MariaDB sabon tsarin tsarin sarrafa bayanai ne wanda aka tsara shi azaman cokali mai yatsa na MySQL bayan saye da Oracle.

Shigar MariaDB abu ne mai sauƙi kuma ana iya farawa tare da umarni azaman:

$ sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

5. Sabis ɗin MariaDB shima an fara shi ta atomatik kuma an kunna shi koyaushe yana farawa a boot system kuma zaka iya tabbatar da hakan ta amfani da waɗannan umarnin.

$ sudo systemctl status mariadb
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled mariadb

6. Idan kuna son inganta tsaro na MariaDB, zaku iya gudanar da umarnin mysql_secure_installation , wanda zai samar da wasu muhimman abubuwa, amma masu mahimmanci don daidaitawa:

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Sannan zaɓi zaɓi don saita tushen tushen bayanai (ko mai gudanarwa) kalmar sirrin mai amfani kuma bi tsokana kuma karanta tambayoyin a hankali. Don amintar da sabar bayananka, amsa tambayoyin kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton hoton.

  • Shigar da kalmar wucewa ta yanzu don tushe (shigar babu ɗaya): Shigar
  • Kafa kalmar sirri? [Y/n] y
  • Cire masu amfani da ba a sani ba? [Y/n] y
  • Rashin izinin shiga tushen nesa? [Y/n] y
  • Cire bayanan gwaji da samun damar hakan? [Y/n] y
  • Sake shigar da teburin gata yanzu? [Y/n] y

7. Don ƙirƙira, sarrafawa, da aiwatar da ayyukan rumbun adana bayanai, kuna buƙatar mysql umarni harsashi tare da tutar -u don tantance sunan mai amfani na bayanai da -p don samar da kalmar sirri ta mai amfani .

Don haɗawa azaman tushen mai amfani, yi amfani da umarnin sudo (koda ba tare da tutar -p ba) in ba haka ba za ku karɓi kuskuren da aka haskaka a cikin hoton da ke tafe ba.

$ mysql -u root -p
$ sudo mysql -u root

Mataki na 3: Shigar da PHP a cikin Ubuntu 20.04

8. PHP sanannen yare ne mai buɗewa, sassauƙa, kuma ingantaccen yaren rubutu don gina yanar gizo da aikace-aikacen yanar gizo. Yana tallafawa nau'ikan dabarun shirye-shirye. Mahimmanci, jama'ar PHP suna da girma da yawa, sun haɗu da ɗakunan karatu da yawa, tsarin tsari, da sauran abubuwan amfani.

NGINX yana amfani da FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) ko PHP-FPM, don aiwatar da rubutun PHP. PHP-FPM wani tsari ne na amfani da PHP FastCGI wanda aka yi amfani dashi da yawa wanda yake jigilar kayayyaki tare da ƙarin ƙarin fasali kuma ana amfani dashi don ƙarfafa shafukan yanar gizo masu amfani da yanar gizo.

Don shigar da PHP da PHP-FPM, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa wanda kuma zai girka wasu ƙarin fakitin da ake buƙata.

$ sudo apt install php php-mysql php-fpm

Tunda PHP 7.4 shine asalin PHP a cikin Ubuntu 20.04, fayilolin sanyi na PHP suna cikin /etc/php/7.4/ kuma fayilolin sanyi na PHP-FPM suna adana ƙarƙashin /etc/php/7.4/fpm.

9. Na gaba, bincika idan sabis ɗin php7.4-fpm yana sama da aiki kuma ko an kunna shi tare da umarnin mai zuwa.

$ sudo systemctl status php7.4-fpm
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled php7.4-fpm

Mataki na 4: Saitin Nginx don aiki tare da PHP-FPM

10. Yanzu kuna buƙatar saita NGINX zuwa buƙatun buƙatun abokin ciniki zuwa PHP-FPM, wanda ta tsoho an saita shi don saurara akan soket ɗin UNIX kamar yadda aka bayyana ta hanyar ma'aunin sauraro a cikin /etc/php/7.4/fpm/pool.d/www .conf tsoho fayil sanyi sanyi.

$ sudo vi /etc/php/7.4/fpm/pool.d/www.conf 

11. A cikin tsoffin tsoffin fayilolin sanyi (/ sauransu/nginx/shafuka-wadata/tsoho), ba a ba da umarnin umarnin wurin aiwatar da buƙatun PHP don zama kamar wanda aka nuna a cikin hoton mai zuwa ba.

$ sudo vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

Adana fayil ɗin kuma fita.

12. Sannan sai a gwada rubutun NGINX na daidaitawa don daidaito. Idan Yayi daidai, sake kunna sabis na Nginx don amfani da sababbin canje-canje.

$ sudo nginx -t
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

13. Yanzu gwada idan NGINX na iya aiki tare tare da PHP-FPM don aiwatar da buƙatun PHP. Createirƙiri shafi na info.php mai sauƙi a ƙarƙashin kundin adireshin tushen daftarin aiki.

$ echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" | sudo tee /var/www/html/info.php

14. A cikin burauzarku, yi amfani da adireshin da ke gaba. Shafin sanyi na PHP ya kamata ya ɗora kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke biye.

http://SERVER_IP/info.php

Mataki 5: Shigar da PhpMyAdmin a cikin Ubuntu 20.04

15. PhpMyAdmin aikace-aikacen PHP ne na kyauta kuma masu budewa wadanda aka kirkiresu musamman don gudanar da ayyukan MySQL/MariaDB sabobin bayanai ta hanyar burauzar yanar gizo. Yana bayar da masaniyar zane-zane mai sauƙin fahimta kuma tana tallafawa ɗumbin fasali na gama gari don ɗawainiyar ayyukan gudanar da bayanai.

$ sudo apt install phpmyadmin

16. Yayin shigarwar kunshin, za a nemi ku daidaita bangarori da dama na kunshin PhpMyAdmin. Na farko, za a sa su zaɓi tsoho sabar yanar gizo don gudanar da ita. Latsa Esc saboda NGINX baya cikin jerin da aka bayar.

17. Na gaba, PhpMyAdmin yana buƙatar ɗakunan bayanai don aiki tare. A cikin wannan saurin daidaitawar kunshin, zaɓi Ee don saita bayanan bayanai don PhpMyAdmin tare da kunshin dbconfig-gama gari.

18. A cikin tsari na gaba, kuna buƙatar samar da kalmar sirri don PhpMyAdmin don yin rijista tare da bayanan MariaDB. Shigar da amintaccen kalmar sirri kuma latsa Shigar.

Mataki na 6: Saitin NGINX don Bautar Yanar gizo PhpMyAdmin

19. Don bawa NGINX damar hidimar shafin PhpMyAdmin wanda yake a/usr/share/phpmyadmin, kirkiro wata alama don wannan kundin adireshin a karkashin tushen daftarin aiki, sannan saita sahihancin izini da mallaka a kan kundin adireshin PHPMyAdmin kamar haka.

$ sudo ln -s  /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/html/phpmyadmin
$ sudo chmod 775 -R /usr/share/phpmyadmin/
$ sudo chown root:www-data -R /usr/share/phpmyadmin/

20. Bayan haka, tabbatar da cewa bayanin umarnin a cikin tsarin saba sabar tsoho (/ sauransu/nginx/shafukan-akwai/tsoho) fayil ya hada da index.php kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe.

21. Na gaba, sake kunna sabis na Nginx sau ɗaya don amfani da canje-canjen da ke sama.

$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

22. Yanzu isa ga shafin PhpMyAdmin daga burauzar ta amfani da adireshin da ke gaba.

http://SERVER_IP/phpmyadmin

A shafin shiga, tabbatar da sunan mai amfani na PHPMyAdmin da kalmar wucewa. Ka tuna shigarwar mai amfani da nesa ba ta da aiki sai dai idan kana samun damar PHPMyAdmin a kan localhost inda aka shigar da bayanan MariaDB, tushen tushen ba zai yi aiki ba.

Arshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, tabbatar da kafuwa na PhpMyAdmin ɗinka ta amfani da jagorarmu: 4 Amfani mai Amfani don Tabbatar da Yanar Gizon PhpMyAdmin.

Kammalawa

Saitin LEMP naka yanzu ya kammala kuma zaku iya fara gina aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizonku ko kawai wasa tare da ayyukan Nginx da MariaDB da kuka girka. Wadannan ana amfani dasu sosai kuma samun ƙarin ilimi a cikinsu ana ba da shawarar sosai ga masu gudanarwa na tsarin.