Yadda ake Sanya Gadar Hanyar Sadarwa a Ubuntu

Linux na goyan bayan aiwatar da gadar cibiyar sadarwar software don sake samar da aikin gadar hanyar sadarwar, na'urar sadarwar da zata iya haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa biyu ko sama da haka ko kuma hanyoyin sadarwar da ke samar musu da hanyar da zasu iya aiki azaman hanyar sadarwa ɗaya. Yana aiki kusan kamar sauyawar hanyar sadarwa, kuma a ma'anar software, ana amfani da ita don aiwatar da manufar\"sauya hanyar sadarwa ta kama-da-wane".

Halin amfani na yau da kullun na haɗin ginin software yana cikin yanayin haɓaka don haɗa injunan kamala (VMs) kai tsaye zuwa cibiyar sadarwar uwar garken. Wannan hanyar, VMs an saka su a kan layi ɗaya kamar mai masaukin kuma suna iya samun damar sabis kamar DHCP da ƙari mai yawa.

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi hanyoyi daban-daban don saita gada ta hanyar sadarwa a cikin Ubuntu kuma kuyi amfani dashi a cikin yanayin haɓaka don ƙirƙirar sadarwar kama-da-wane a cikin yanayin haɗin ƙarƙashin VirtualBox da KVM, don haɗa Virtual Machines zuwa hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya kamar mai watsa shiri.

  1. Yadda ake Shigar da Kayan Gado na hanyar sadarwa a Ubuntu
  2. Yadda za a ƙirƙiri gadar hanyar sadarwa ta amfani da NetPlan
  3. Yadda ake Kirkirar hanyar sadarwa ta amfani da Nmcli
  4. Yadda ake Kirkirar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da nm-connection-edita Kayan aiki
  5. Yadda Ake Amfani da Gadar Hanyar Hanyar Sadarwa a cikin Fasahar Taimakon Komai

Farawa ta hanyar girka kunshin kayan gada-utils wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan amfani don daidaita gadar Ubuntu ta ethernet ta amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin dace kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ apt-get install bridge-utils

Na gaba, gano sunan mai amfani don na'urar ethernet ta amfani da umarnin IP kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ ip ad
OR
$ ip add

Netplan mai amfani ne mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin amfani don daidaita hanyar sadarwar cikin Linux ta amfani da tsarin YAML. A halin yanzu yana tallafawa NetworkManager da tsarin-netword azaman kayan aikin baya.

Don saita hanyar sadarwar don yin amfani da su kamar gada, gyara fayil ɗin saitin netplan ɗin da aka samo a cikin/sauransu/netplan/directory.

Mai zuwa misali fayil ɗin tsari ne, inda mai fassarar tsarin-netword wanda shine tsoho (maye gurbin enp1s0 tare da sunan ethernet ɗinku na keɓaɓɓe).

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp1s0:
      dhcp4: no
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: yes
      interfaces:
	     - enp1s0

Ajiye fayil ɗin sanyi kuma yi amfani da sanyi don bawa cibiyar sadarwar gada damar ta hanyar ba da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo netplan apply

Sannan yi amfani da umarnin brctl don nuna duk gadoji akan tsarin. A wannan yanayin, ana ƙara haɗin Ethernet ta atomatik azaman tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa gada.

$ sudo brctl show

Idan kana son saukarwa ko kashe gadar hanyar sadarwar da aka kirkira, to share ta ta amfani da wadannan umarnin.

$ sudo ip link set enp1s0 up
$ sudo ip link set br0 down
$ sudo brctl delbr br0
OR
$ sudo nmcli conn up Wired\ connection\ 1
$ sudo nmcli conn down br0
$ sudo nmcli conn del br0
$ sudo nmcli conn del bridge-br0

nmcli kayan aiki ne na amfani da layin umarni da aka yi amfani da su sosai don gudanar da NetworkManager (ƙirƙira, nunawa, shiryawa, sharewa, kunnawa, da kashe haɗin haɗin hanyar sadarwa) da kuma nuna halin na'urar hanyar sadarwa.

Don ƙirƙirar gada ta hanyar amfani da nmcli, gudanar da wannan umarni.

$ sudo nmcli conn add type bridge con-name br0 ifname br0

Bayan haka sai a kara Ethernet a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin gada kamar yadda aka nuna (ku tuna maye gurbin enp1s0 da sunan na'urarku).

$ sudo nmcli conn add type ethernet slave-type bridge con-name bridge-br0 ifname enp1s0 master br0

Na gaba, tabbatar cewa an ƙirƙiri gada ta hanyar nuna duk hanyoyin sadarwa.

$ sudo nmcli conn show --active

Na gaba, kunna haɗin gada kamar haka (zaka iya amfani da ko dai haɗin haɗin/sunan ƙira ko UUID).

$ sudo nmcli conn up br0
OR
$ sudo nmcli conn up e7385b2d-0e93-4a8e-b9a0-5793e5a1fda3

Bayan haka sai a kashe haɗin Intanet ko haɗin Intanet.

$ sudo nmcli conn down Ethernet\ connection\ 1
OR
$ sudo nmcli conn down 525284a9-60d9-4396-a1c1-a37914d43eff

Yanzu ƙoƙari don duba haɗin haɗin aiki sau ɗaya, ƙirar Ethernet yanzu ya kamata ya zama bawa a haɗin haɗin gada kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hotunan hoto mai zuwa.

$ sudo nmcli conn show --active

Don buɗe aikace-aikacen editan nm-connection-edita, gudanar da wannan umarni daga tashar.

$ nm-connection-editor

Daga taga editan haɗin hanyoyin sadarwa, danna alamar + don ƙara sabon bayanin haɗin haɗin.

Na gaba, zaɓi nau'in haɗin haɗi kamar Bridge daga drop-saukar kuma danna andirƙiri.

Na gaba, saita sunan haɗin gada da sunan mai amfani.

Daga nan saika latsa maɓallin Addara don ƙara tashar jiragen ruwa ta gada watau Ethernet dubawa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke gaba. Zaɓi Ethernet azaman nau'in haɗin haɗin kuma danna Createirƙiri.

Na gaba, saita sunan haɗin gwargwadon yadda kake so sannan ka danna Ajiye.

A karkashin haɗin haɗin haɗin, sabon haɗin ya kamata ya bayyana yanzu.

Yanzu idan ka sake buɗe editan haɗin hanyar sadarwa sau ɗaya, sabon haɗin gadar da ƙirar bawa ya kamata ya wanzu kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe.

Na gaba, kunna haɗin gadar kuma kashe haɗin Ethernet, ta amfani da umarnin nmcli.

$ sudo nmcli conn up br0
$ sudo nmcli conn down Ethernet\ connection\ 1

Bayan kafa gada ta hanyar sadarwa (mai sauya hanyar sadarwa ta zamani), zaku iya amfani da shi a cikin yanayin ƙwarewa kamar Oracle VirtualBox da KVM don haɗa VMs zuwa cibiyar sadarwar mai watsa shiri.

Buɗe VirtualBox, sannan daga jerin VM, zaɓi VM, sannan danna saitunan sa. Daga taga saitunan, je zuwa hanyar sadarwar zaɓi kuma zaɓi adafta (misali Adafta 1).

Sannan ka duba zabin Enable Adaftar hanyar sadarwa, saita darajar abin da aka makala a filin zuwa Bridged Adafta, sannan ka sanya Sunan mahada mai dore (misali br0) kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe. Sannan danna Ok.

Kuna iya amfani da sabuwar gadar hanyar sadarwa a ƙarƙashin KVM ta ƙara zaɓi --network = gada = br0 yayin ƙirƙirar sabuwar na'ura ta kama-da-wane, ta amfani da ƙa'idar girka umarni.

# virt-install --virt-type=kvm --name Ubuntu18.04 --ram 1536 --vcpus=4 --os-variant=ubuntu18.04 --cdrom=/path/to/install.iso --network=bridge=br0,model=virtio --graphics vnc --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu18.04.qcow2,size=20,bus=virtio,format=qcow2

Daga na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta yanar gizo, za a zaɓa ta atomatik. Bayan haka, zaku iya saita gadar hanyar sadarwa ta amfani da kayan aikin layin virsh, da kuma fayil ɗin daidaitawar VM na XML.

Don ƙarin bayani, karanta shafukan netplan da nmcli mutum (ta hanyar gudanar man netplan da man nmcli ) kazalika da sadarwar kama-da-wane a cikin libvirt da sadarwar kama-da-wane a VirtualBox. Kuna iya aiko mana da kowace tambaya ta ɓangaren tsokaci da ke ƙasa.