Hanyoyi 3 don ƙirƙirar gadar hanyar sadarwa a RHEL/CentOS 8

Gadar hanyar sadarwar ita ce na'urar haɗin bayanan haɗin yanar gizo wacce ke haɗa sassan biyu ko fiye, yana ba da sadarwa tsakanin su. Yana ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwar hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya don saita dunkulallen hanyar sadarwa daga cibiyoyin sadarwa da yawa ko sassan cibiyar sadarwa. Yana tura zirga-zirga bisa ga adiresoshin MAC na runduna (wanda aka adana a teburin adireshin MAC).

Tsarin aiki na Linux kamar RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) da CentOS 8 suna tallafawa aiwatar da gadar cibiyar sadarwar software don yin koyi da gadar kayan aiki. Gadar tana aiki da irin wannan aikin azaman sauyawar hanyar sadarwa; yana aiki fiye ko likeasa kamar canza hanyar sadarwa ta kama-da-wane.

Akwai sharuɗɗan amfani da yawa na haɗin yanar gizo, aikace-aikace ɗaya mai amfani yana cikin yanayin haɓaka don ƙirƙirar sauya hanyar sadarwar kamala da aka yi amfani da ita don haɗa injunan kama-da-wane (VMs) zuwa hanyar sadarwa ɗaya da mai masaukin.

Wannan jagorar yana nuna hanyoyi da yawa don saita gada ta hanyar sadarwa a RHEL/CentOS 8 da amfani da ita don saita hanyar sadarwar kama-da-wane a cikin yanayin haɗewa a ƙarƙashin KVM, don haɗa Injinan Virtual zuwa hanyar sadarwa iri ɗaya da mai masaukin.

Creatirƙirar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nmcli
Kirkirar Gadar Hanyar Hanyar Sadarwa ta hanyar Console Web Console
Kirkirar hanyar sadarwar hanyar amfani da nm-connection-edita
Yadda Ake Amfani da Gadar Hanyar Hanyar Sadarwa a cikin Fasahar Taimakon Komai

nmcli kayan aiki ne na yau da kullun da aka yi amfani da su, rubutacce kuma mai ƙarfi don sarrafa NetworkManager da kuma bayar da rahoton matsayin cibiyar sadarwa. Yana sadarwa kai tsaye zuwa NetworkManager kuma yana sarrafa hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo kawai. Mahimmanci, yana bawa masu amfani damar amfani da gajerun kalmomi, muddin sun kasance kari na musamman a cikin saitin zaɓuka masu yuwuwa.

Da farko, yi amfani da umarnin IP don gano hanyoyin sadarwar hanyar sadarwa (ta zahiri da ta kamala) a halin yanzu haɗe da injinku da hanyoyin sadarwar da suke da alaƙa.

# ip add

Daga fitowar umarnin da ke sama, ana kiran haɗin Ethernet enp2s0, za mu ƙara wannan haɗin kan gada a matsayin bawa.

Na gaba, don lissafin haɗin cibiyar sadarwa mai aiki akan tsarin gwajin, yi amfani da umarnin nmcli mai zuwa.

# nmcli conn show --active

Muhimmi: Idan an shigar daemon libvirtd (libvirtd) kuma an fara, tsoffin hanyar sadarwar da ke wakiltar gadar hanyar sadarwa (mai sauya hanyar sadarwa ta kama-da-wane) ita ce virbr0 kamar yadda aka gani a cikin hotunan kariyar da ke sama. An saita shi don aiki a cikin yanayin NAT.

Na gaba, ƙirƙirar haɗin gada ta hanyar amfani da umarnin nmcli mai zuwa, inda conn ko con yake tsaye don haɗi, kuma sunan haɗin shine br0 kuma sunan mai haɗawa kuma shine br0.

# nmcli conn add type bridge con-name br0 ifname br0

Lura: A cikin yanayin haɗin gado, injunan kama-da-gidanka suna da sauƙin isa ga cibiyar sadarwar jiki, sun bayyana a cikin ƙaramin subnet kamar mashin ɗin mai karɓar sabis kuma suna iya samun damar sabis kamar DHCP.

Don saita adreshin IP tsaye, gudanar da waɗannan umarni don saita adireshin IPv4, mashin hanyar sadarwa, ƙofar tsoho, da uwar garken DNS na haɗin br0 (saita ƙididdiga bisa ga yanayin ku).

# nmcli conn modify br0 ipv4.addresses '192.168.1.1/24'
# nmcli conn modify br0 ipv4.gateway '192.168.1.1'
# nmcli conn modify br0 ipv4.dns '192.168.1.1'
# nmcli conn modify br0 ipv4.method manual

Yanzu ƙara Ethernet interface (enp2s0) azaman na'urar ɗaukar hoto zuwa haɗin gada (br0) kamar yadda aka nuna.

# nmcli conn add type ethernet slave-type bridge con-name bridge-br0 ifname enp2s0 master br0

Na gaba, kawo ko kunna haɗin gada, zaku iya amfani da sunan haɗin ko UUID kamar yadda aka nuna.

# nmcli conn up br0
OR
# nmcli conn up 2f03943b-6fb5-44b1-b714-a755660bf6eb

Sannan katsewa ko saukar da haɗin Ethernet ko Wayoyi.

# nmcli conn down Wired\ connection\ 1
OR
# nmcli conn down e1ffb0e0-8ebc-49d0-a690-2117ca5e2f42

Yanzu lokacin da kake ƙoƙarin jera haɗin haɗin cibiyar sadarwa mai aiki akan tsarin, haɗin haɗin gada ya kamata ya nuna akan jerin.

# nmcli conn show  --active

Na gaba, yi amfani da umarnin gada mai zuwa don nuna fasalin tashar tashar gada ta yanzu da tutoci.

# bridge link show

Don kashe haɗin haɗin gadar da share shi, gudanar da waɗannan umarnin. Lura cewa da farko dole ne ku kunna haɗin haɗin.

# nmcli conn up Wired\ connection\ 1
# nmcli conn down br0
# nmcli conn del br0
# nmcli conn del bridge-br0

Don ƙarin bayani, duba shafi na nmcli.

# man nmcli

Kwanan jirgin yana da nauyin nauyi, mai ma'amala da sauƙin amfani da tsarin gudanarwa na sabar yanar gizo. Don yin hulɗa tare da tsarin tsarin tsarin yanar gizo, matattarar jirgin yana amfani da NetworkManager da DBus APIs da yake bayarwa.

Don kara gada, je zuwa Sadarwar, sannan danna Add Bridge kamar yadda aka haskaka a hoto mai zuwa.

Wani taga mai kyau tare da zabuka don kara sabuwar gada zai bayyana. Saita sunan gada kuma zaɓi tashar jiragen ruwa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke gaba. Kuna iya ba da damar zaɓi STP (layin layin itace) sannan danna Aiwatar.

A karkashin jerin Hanyoyin sadarwa, sabuwar gadar ya kamata yanzu ta bayyana kuma ya kamata a sake kunna aikin Ethernet.

Don duba gadar dalla-dalla, danna sau biyu a kanta. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don saukar da shi ko sharewa, ƙara sabon na'urar tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa gare shi da ƙari.

nm-connection-edita editan haɗin hanyar sadarwa ne wanda aka zana don NetworkManager, ana amfani da shi don ƙarawa, cirewa, da haɓaka haɗin haɗin hanyar sadarwa da aka adana ta NetworkManager. Duk wani gyare-gyare zai iya yin aiki kawai idan NetworkManager yana gudana.

Don ƙaddamar da shi, kunna umarnin nm-connection-edita a matsayin tushe a cikin layin umarni ko buɗe shi daga menu na tsarin.

# nm-connection-editor

Da zarar ya buɗe, danna alamar ƙari don ƙara sabon haɗi kamar yadda aka haskaka a cikin hoton da ke tafe.

Daga pop taga, zabi hanyar hadewa daga faduwa, Bridge a wannan yanayin saika latsa Kirkira.

Na gaba, saita haɗin gada da sunan dubawa, sannan danna Addara don ƙara tashar gada. Zaɓi Ethernet azaman nau'in haɗin. Sannan danna Kirkiro.

Na gaba, shirya bayanan haɗin na'urar tashar jiragen ruwa ka danna Ajiye.

Yanzu yakamata a ƙara tashar tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa jerin haɗin haɗin. Sannan danna Ajiye.

Daga babban haɗin editan haɗin yanar gizo, ya kamata ku sami damar ganin sabon haɗin haɗin da aka haɗa da haɗin haɗin gada kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe.

Yanzu ci gaba don kunna haɗin gada kuma kashe haɗin haɗin daga layin umarni ta amfani da kayan aikin nmcli kamar yadda aka nuna a baya.

# nmcli conn up br0
# nmcli conn down Wired\ connection\ 1

A cikin wannan ɓangaren, za mu nuna yadda za a yi amfani da gada don haɗa injunan kamala zuwa cibiyar sadarwar mai karɓar, a ƙarƙashin Oracle VirtualBox da KVM kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa.

Don saita inji mai inganci don amfani da adaftan da aka ɗaura, zaɓi shi daga jerin VMs, sannan je zuwa saitunta, danna zaɓi Hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma zaɓi adaftan (misali Adaftan 1), sannan ka tabbata an zaɓi Zaɓin Adaftar hanyar sadarwa, saita wanda aka makala a matsayin Bridged Adapter, sannan ka zabi sunan bridged interface (br0) saika latsa Ok.

Don amfani da gadar hanyar sadarwar da aka kirkira a sama ƙarƙashin KVM, yi amfani da zaɓi --network = gada = br0 yayin da injunan kama-da-wane suka yi amfani da mahaɗin layin umarni, ta amfani da ƙa'idar girka umarni.

# virt-install --virt-type=kvm --name Ubuntu18.04 --ram 1536 --vcpus=4 --os-variant=ubuntu18.04 --cdrom=/path/to/install.iso --network=bridge=br0,model=virtio --graphics vnc --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu18.04.qcow2,size=20,bus=virtio,format=qcow2

Hakanan kuna iya ƙirƙirar ƙarin hanyoyin sadarwa kuma saita su ta amfani da kayan aikin layin virsh, kuma za a iya shirya fayil ɗin sanyi na VM na XML don amfani da ɗayan waɗannan sabbin hanyoyin sadarwar.

A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda za mu saita gada ta hanyar sadarwa a RHEL/CentOS 8 kuma mu yi amfani da ita don haɗa VMs zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ta mai watsa shiri, ƙarƙashin Oracle VirtualBox da KVM.

Kamar yadda kuka saba, ku riske mu ta hanyar fom ɗin da ke ƙasa don kowane tambayoyi ko tsokaci. Kuna iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai a cikin daidaita gadar hanyar sadarwa a cikin takardun RHEL 8.