Shakata-da-murmurewa - Ajiyayyen kuma dawo da tsarin Linux


Relax-and-murmurewa (ReaR a takaice) mai sauki ne amma mai iko, mai sauƙin saiti, cikakken fasali da kuma jagorantar bude tushen tsirara masifar karfe da kuma tsarin ƙaura na tsarin, wanda aka rubuta a Bash. Tsarin tsari ne mai daidaitaccen tsari da daidaitacce tare da kwararar ayyukan aiki da yawa don yanayi na gama gari.

ReaR ya ƙirƙiri tsarin ceto na bootable da/ko madadin tsarin a cikin wasu tsaruka. Kuna iya ɗauka sabar ƙarfenku mara amfani ta amfani da hoton tsarin ceto kuma ku fara dawo da tsarin daga madadin. Zai iya dawo da kayan aiki daban-daban inda ya cancanta, saboda haka za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kayan ƙaura na tsarin.

  1. Yana da zane na zamani wanda aka rubuta a cikin Bash kuma za'a iya faɗaɗa shi ta amfani da aikin al'ada.
  2. Yana tallafawa kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban ciki har da ISO, PXE, tef na OBDR, USB ko ajiyar eSATA.
  3. Yana tallafawa tsarin ladabi iri-iri waɗanda suka haɗa da FTP, SFTP, HTTP, NFS, da CIFS don adanawa da adanawa.
  4. Yana goyon bayan aiwatar da faifai kamar su LVM, DRBD, iSCSI, HWRAID (HP SmartArray), SWRAID, multipathing, da kuma LUKS
  5. Yana tallafawa duk kayan aiki na ɓangare na uku da na ciki ciki har da IBM TSM, HP DataProtector, Symantec NetBackup, Bacula; rsync.
  6. Yana tallafawa tallatawa ta hanyar PXE, DVD/CD, tef na bootable ko tanadin kamala.
  7. Yana tallafawa samfurin kwaikwayi wanda ya nuna abin da rubutun ke gudana ba tare da aiwatar dasu ba.
  8. Yana tallafawa madaidaitan saƙo da zaɓuɓɓukan cire kuskure don dalilai na matsala.
  9. Ana iya haɗawa tare da kayan aikin kulawa kamar Nagios da Opsview.
  10. Hakanan za'a iya haɗa shi tare da masu tsara aiki kamar su cron.
  11. Hakanan yana goyan bayan fasahohin ƙwarewa daban-daban masu tallafi (KVM, Xen, VMware)

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake girka da saita ReaR don ƙirƙirar tsarin ceto da/ko madadin tsarin ta amfani da sandar USB da ceto ko dawo da tsarin Linux mara ƙarfi bayan bala'i.

Mataki 1: Shigar da ReaR a cikin Linux Bare Metal Server

1. Don girka kunshin baya akan rarrabuwa na Debian da Ubuntu Linux, yi amfani da wannan umarnin.

$ sudo apt-get install rear extlinux

A RHEL da CentOS, kuna buƙatar kunna wurin ajiyar EPEL 8, sannan shigar da kunshin baya kamar yadda aka nuna.

# yum install rear syslinux-extlinux grub2-efi-x64-modules
# dnf install rear syslinux-extlinux	#Fedora 22+

2. Da zarar an gama girkawa, babban kundin jeri na baya shine /etc/raya/ kuma fayilolin daidaita key sune:

  • /etc/rear/local.conf - ana amfani dashi don saita takamaiman tsarin-tsari; an yi shi ne don daidaitawar hannu.
  • /etc/rear/site.conf - ana amfani dashi don saita takamaiman ƙayyadaddun shafi, ya kamata mai amfani ya ƙirƙira shi.
  • /usr/share/rear/conf/default.conf - yana ƙunshe da ƙimar daidaitawa mai kyau/tsoho.
  • /var/log/raya/- wannan kundin adireshin yana adana fayilolin log.

3. Da farko, shirya kafofin watsa labarai na ceto, sandar USB a wannan yanayin ta hanyar yin amfani da tsarin amfani da layin baya kamar haka. Da zarar an gama tsara su, za a lakafta kafofin watsa labarai kamar REAR-000.

# rear format /dev/sdb

4. Don saita tsarin fitarwa, yi amfani da masu canji OUTPUT da OUTPUT_URL, shigar da shi a cikin fayil ɗin daidaitawa /etc/rear/local.conf.

OUTPUT=USB

4. Hakanan, ReaR ya zo tare da tsarin adanawa (wanda ake kira NETFS) wanda ke ba ka damar ƙirƙirar duka tsarin ceto da kuma cikakken tsarin wariyar ajiya. Yana ƙirƙirar sauƙi mai sauƙi azaman ajiyar kwalta ta tsohuwa.

Don kunna cikakken tsarin ajiya, ƙara masu canji BACKUP = NETFS da BACKUP_URL a cikin fayil ɗin sanyi na /etc/rear/local.conf. Don ƙirƙirar na'urar USB mai ɗorewa, haɗa OUTPUT = USB da BACKUP_URL = ”usb: /// dev/disk/by-label/REAR-000” kamar yadda aka nuna.

OUTPUT=USB
BACKUP=NETFS
BACKUP_URL=”usb:///dev/disk/by-label/REAR-000”

5. Bayan ka daidaita na baya, sai ka yi amfani da wannan umarni don fitar da tsarinsa na yanzu don hanyoyin BACKUP da OUTPUT da wasu bayanan tsarin.

# rear dump

Mataki na 2: Creatirƙirar Tsarin Ceto da Cikakken Tsarin Ajiyayyen

6. Idan duk saitunan suna lafiya, zaka iya ƙirƙirar tsarin ceto ta amfani da umarnin mkrecue kamar haka, inda zaɓi -v ya ba da damar yanayin magana.

# rear -v  mkrescue

Lura: Idan kun haɗu da wannan kuskuren bayan gudanar da aikin ceto ko ajiyar ajiya, kamar yadda aka nuna a wannan hoton.

UEFI systems: “ERROR: /dev/disk/by-label/REAR-EFI is not block device. Use `rear format -- --efi ' for correct format” 

Tsara sandar USB ta amfani da wannan umarnin kuma sake yin aikin.

# rear format  -- --efi /dev/sdb

7. Don ƙirƙirar tsarin ceto da kuma ajiyar tsarin kuma, yi amfani da umarnin mkbackup kamar yadda aka nuna.

# rear -v mkbackup

8. Don ƙirƙirar cikakken tsarin wariyar ajiya kawai, yi amfani da mkbackuponly command kamar haka.

# rear -v mkbackuponly

Zabi: Tsara Ayyuka na Gudanar da Amfani da Cron

8. Kuna iya tsara ReaR don ƙirƙirar tsarin ceto a kai a kai ta amfani da mai tsara aikin cron ta ƙara ƙarin shigarwar da ta dace a cikin fayil ɗin/sauransu/crontab.

minute hour day_of_month month day_of_week root /usr/sbin/rear mkrescue

Abubuwan daidaitawa masu zuwa zasu ƙirƙiri tsarin ceto ko ɗaukar cikakken tsarin kowane tsakar dare. Tabbatar cewa sandar USB ɗinka a haɗe take da ita.

0 		0   		*  		* 		root /usr/sbin/rear mkrescue
OR
0 		0   		*  		* 		root /usr/sbin/rear mkbackup

Mataki na 3: Yin Tsarin Ceto/Maidowa

9. Don dawo da/dawo da tsarinka bayan bala'i, haša bootable USB sanda zuwa danda karfe tsarin da kora daga gare ta. A cikin keɓewar wasan bidiyo, zaɓi zaɓi ɗaya (Mayar da sunan mai masauki) sannan danna Shigar.

10. Na gaba, za a saita tsarin ceto na ReaR, za a iya sa ku samar da maye gurbin asalin hanyoyin sadarwar kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin sikirin. Da zarar ka gama, danna Shigar.

11. Sannan shiga kamar tushen (kawai ka rubuta asalin sunan mai amfani saika latsa Shigar) don gudanar da ainihin murmurewar.

11. Next, gudu da wadannan umurnin da kaddamar da dawo da tsari. Tsarin ceton zai kwatanta faya-fayan, yayi nazarin abubuwan da suke yi kuma ya faɗakar da ku da ku zaɓi tsarin tsara faifai. Latsa Shigar don ci gaba da daidaitawar faifai na atomatik.

Sannan zai fara maido da tsarin yadda yake, da zarar an kirkiri tsarin faifai, zai dawo da ajiyayyar kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan hoton.

# rear recover

12. Lokacin da aka maido da ajiyayyen tsari, tsarin ceto zai rinka gudanar da mkinitrd don kirkirar hotuna na farko na ramdisk don shigar da kayayyaki, sannan sai a shigar da boot booter da fita Dayan an gama dawo da tsarin, za a saka tsarin da aka dawo da shi a karkashin /mnt/local/, matsa zuwa wannan kundin adireshin don bincika shi.

A ƙarshe, sake yi tsarin:

# cd /mnt/local
# rebooot

13. Bayan sake yi, SELinux zaiyi kokarin sake kunna fayiloli da tsarin fayil din akan tsarin da aka gano bisa /mnt/local/.autorelabel file, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan hoton.

Don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan amfani, karanta littafin jagorar ReaR.

# man rear

Shafin Shafin ReaR: http://relax-and-recover.org/.

ReaR shine jagora, mai sauƙin amfani (saiti-da-mantawa) da kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe don dawo da bala'in ƙarfe da tsarin ƙaura na tsarin. A cikin wannan labarin, munyi bayanin yadda ake amfani da ReaR don ƙirƙirar Linux mai ƙarancin ƙarfe da tsarin ceto da kuma yadda za a dawo da tsarin bayan bala'i. Yi amfani da hanyar sharhi da ke ƙasa raba ra'ayoyin ku tare da mu.