Koyi Tsarin Bayanai na Python - Sashe na 1

Tsarin Bayanai tarin nau'ikan bayanai ne, alakar dake tsakanin su da ayyuka ko ayyukan da za'a iya amfani dasu akan bayanan. Nau'in bayanai na iya zama kirtani, Mai daidaitawa, ƙimar shawagi da sauransu.

  1. Abubuwan da za'a iya canza yanayinsu da zarar an ƙirƙira su kamar ƙarawa, sabuntawa ko share abubuwa.
  2. Lissafi, Kamus, Saita, bytearray nau'ikan abubuwa ne masu canzawa a cikin tsarikan.

  1. Ba za a iya gyaggyara yanayin abin ba. Da zarar an ƙirƙiri abun, ba za mu iya ƙarawa, cirewa ko sabunta abubuwa ba.
  2. Kirtani, Mai haɗawa, Tuples, Frozenset wasu nau'ikan abubuwa ne da basa canzawa a cikin tsarikan.

  1. Tsarin Bayanai na Ma'aurata - Abubuwan bayanan zasu kasance iri ɗaya ne (nau'in: tsari).
  2. Tsarin Bayanai iri-iri - Abubuwan bayanan bazai dace da nau'in bayanai iri ɗaya ba (misali: Jerin, Tuples, Sets da sauransu…).

Kafin fahimtar ayyukan tsarin ginannen bayanan bari bari mu ga functionsan ayyukan da aka gina waɗanda za'a yi amfani dasu tare da abubuwa masu tsarin bayanai.

  • dir (obj) - aikin gini wanda zai dawo da sifa da hanyoyin.
  • len (obj) - Maido da tsawon (adadin abubuwa) na abu. Muhawara na iya zama jerin (kamar kirtani, baiti, tuple, jerin, ko kewayo) ko tarin abubuwa (kamar ƙamus, saiti, ko daskarewa).
  • del - Wannan kalmar da aka gina ana amfani da ita don share abu daga sararin suna ko cire abubuwa daga abu kamar jerin, ƙamus, da sauransu ..
  • type (obj) - Aikin() kodai ya dawo da nau'in abun ko kuma ya dawo da wani sabon abu bisa dogaro da dalilan da aka gabatar.
  • id() - Wannan aikin yana dawo da\"ainihi" na abu. Wannan adadi ne wanda aka tabbatar dashi na musamman da dorewa ga wannan abun yayin rayuwarsa.

Yanzu kamar yadda kuka ga detailsan bayanai masu mahimmanci, bari mu ci gaba tare da tsarin bayanan Python.

Python yana zuwa tare da ginannun bayanan bayanai kamar yadda masu amfani zasu iya ayyana tsarin bayanan su. Tsarin bayanan da aka gina ya hada da LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE, da SET. Wasu daga misalai don tsarin bayanan mai amfani da aka ayyana sune STACK, QUEUES, BISHIYA, HASHMAP, da sauransu…

Mutanen da ke zuwa daga wasu yarukan shirye-shirye za su saba sosai da nau'ikan tsararru. Amma a Python, ba su da yawa.

Anan jerin suna kama da tsararru amma jerin suna bamu damar adana dabi'u na kowane irin nau'in bayanai (Mai girma) yayin da tsararru zasu riƙe bayanai na musamman na musamman (int, float etc…). Don amfani da tsararru dole ne ka shigo da tsararru daga tsarin “tsararru” a bayyane.

A cikin wannan jerin labaran Python, zamuyi la’akari da menene tsarin bayanai da kuma tsarin Python wanda aka gina shi.

Jerin tsarin bayanai ne wanda yake tarin nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban. Menene ma'anar\"tarin nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban"? Jerin na iya adana kirtani, Masu haɗawa, valuesimar maki na shawagi, Jerin Nested da sauransu.

Jerin abubuwan suna\"Mutable" wanda ke nufin abubuwan da aka kirkira a cikin jerin ana iya samun dama, gyara ko gogewa. Lissafin tallafi na lissafi. Kowane abu a cikin jerin an sanya shi ga adireshi kuma ana iya amfani da adireshin don samun dama ko gyaggyara ƙayyadadden ƙimar abu .

  • Createirƙiri jerin
  • Saka/Shiga/Gyara jerin
  • Share jerin

Za'a iya ƙirƙirar jerin ta amfani da madafan maƙerin square.

>>> name_empty = []			# Empty list
>>> name = ['Karthi', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']	# list with string data type
>>> name_int = [1,2,3]			# list with Integer data type
>>> name_mixed = [name_int,name,1,2,3.14]	# list with nested list items.
>>> name_mixed
[[1, 2, 3], ['Karthi', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will'], 1, 2, 3.14]
>>> name_int
[1, 2, 3]

Zamu iya amfani da inbuilt type() aiki don bincika nau'in abun.

>>> type(name)

Zamu iya samun damar hanyoyi da halaye na misali misali ta amfani da dir() aiki.

>>> dir(name)
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

Zamu iya gano jimlar abubuwa a cikin jerin ta amfani da hanyar len() .

>>> len(name)

Za mu iya ƙirƙirar sabon jerin daga jerin da ke akwai ta amfani da hanya list.copy() hanya.

>>> name_new = name.copy()
>>> name_new
['Karthi', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']

Zamu iya saka wani abu a cikin kowane matsayi ta amfani da list.insert (i, x) hanya.

>>> name = ['Leo','Matt','Kane','Scott','Petter','Will']
>>> name
['Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']
>>> name.insert(0,'Tom')	# Insert method takes 2 arguments (Index position, Item)
>>> name
['Tom', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']	# Tom is inserted at the 0th position.

Zamu iya amfani da list.append (x) hanya don sanya abu ɗaya cikin jerin. Wannan zai saka abun zuwa ƙarshen jerin.

>>> name = []
>>> len(name)
0
>>> name.append('Leo')
>>> name.append('Matt')
>>> name.append('Kane')
>>> print(name)
['Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane']

Zamu iya amfani da list.extend() hanya don ƙara abubuwa da yawa zuwa jerin.

>>> new_name = ['Gowtham','Martin','Luis']
>>> name.extend(new_name)
>>> name
['Will', 'Petter', 'Scott', 'Kane', 'Matt', 'Leo', 'Karthi', 'Will', 'Gowtham', 'Martin', 'Luis']

Hakanan zamu iya amfani da + sadarwarka don haɗa jerin biyu. Dukansu jerin na iya zama na nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban.

>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = [2,3,3]
>>> c = a + b
>>> c
[1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3]
>>> d = ['karthi','kenny']
>>> e = a + d
>>> e
[1, 2, 3, 'karthi', 'kenny']

Kamar yadda bayanin da aka riga aka fada abubuwa suna canzawa. Za'a iya canza abun jeri ta hanyar yin nuni ga matsayin manuniya da kuma ba shi ƙimar.

>>> name									# Before modified
['Tom', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']
>>> name[0] = 'Karthi'
>>> name									# After Modified
['Karthi', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']

Jerin yana tallafawa mai kyau da mara kyau.

Indexing yana farawa daga 0 kuma Indexing Negative yana farawa daga -1.

Zamu iya samun damar abun cikin jerin ta amfani da matsayin bayanin su.

>>> name[0]			# Accessing the List item at index 0
'Leo'
>>> name[1]
'Matt'
>>> name[4]
'Petter'
>>> name[5]
'Will'
>>> name[-1]			# Accessing the list item with negative indexing
'Will'
>>> name[-6]
'Leo'

Hakanan zamu iya amfani da yanka don samun damar abubuwan cikin jerin. Yankewa yana ba mu damar samun damar kewayon abubuwa ta hanyar ayyana farawa, ƙarewa, Matakan sigogi.

# SYNTAX: list[starting position, ending position, Step]

>>> name[0:3]
['Tom', 'Leo', 'Matt']
>>> name[:]
['Tom', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']
>>> name[:4]
['Tom', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane']
>>> name[:-2]
['Tom', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott']
>>> name[:-1]
['Tom', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter']
>>> name[:-1:2]
['Tom', 'Matt', 'Scott']

Zamu iya nemo adadin fakuwa don ƙimar da aka bayar ta amfani da list.count (x) hanya.

>>> name_int = [1,1,2,3,1]
>>> name_int.count(1)
3

Zamu iya samun matsayin Fihirisar abu da aka bayar ta amfani da list.index (x [, fara [, ƙarshe]]) hanya.

>>> name			# Inserted ‘Will’ at the end of the list. Now we have 2 name ‘Will’.
['Will', 'Petter', 'Scott', 'Kane', 'Matt', 'Leo', 'Karthi', 'Will']
>>> name.index('Will)	# Returns the index position of first occurence of x.
0
>>> name.index('Will',2)	# Starting index positon’2’ is given.
7
>>> name.index('Will',2,4)	# Starting and Ending Index position is given. Since there is no 					occurence of ‘Will’ within the given search position it will throw 					Value Error.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in 
ValueError: 'Will' is not in list

Zamu iya amfani da list.reverse() hanya don juya abubuwan da ke cikin jeren.

>>> name
['Karthi', 'Leo', 'Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']
>>> name.reverse()
>>> name
['Will', 'Petter', 'Scott', 'Kane', 'Matt', 'Leo', 'Karthi']

Zamu iya amfani da list.pop (x) hanya don cire abu daga jerin a x matsayi. Wannan aikin zai cire abun daga lissafin sannan ya nuna abun da aka cire. Idan ba a fayyace x ba to hanyar pop() za ta dawo da abu na ƙarshe daga jerin.

>>> name
['Will', 'Petter', 'Scott', 'Kane', 'Matt', 'Leo', 'Karthi', 'Will', 'Gowtham', 'Martin', 'Luis']
>>> name.pop(0)
'Will'
>>> name
['Petter', 'Scott', 'Kane', 'Matt', 'Leo', 'Karthi', 'Will', 'Gowtham', 'Martin', 'Luis']
>>> name.pop()
'Luis'

Hakanan zamu iya amfani da list.remove (x) don cire abu daga lissafin. Anan x ya ɗauki darajar abu kuma ya jefa Valimar Kuskure idan x baya cikin jerin.

>>> name = ['Leo','Matt','Kane','Scott','Petter','Will']
>>> name.remove('Leo')
>>> name
['Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']
>>> name.remove('Leo')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list

Zamu iya yin lissafin komai ta ko dai sanya sunan jerin a cikin manyan kwatancen murabba'i ko amfani da list.clear() hanya.

>>> name1 = name.copy()
>>> name1
['Petter', 'Scott', 'Kane', 'Matt', 'Leo', 'Karthi', 'Will', 'Gowtham', 'Martin']
>>> name
['Petter', 'Scott', 'Kane', 'Matt', 'Leo', 'Karthi', 'Will', 'Gowtham', 'Martin']
>>> name = []			
>>> name
[]
>>> name1.clear()		
>>> name1
[]

Maimakon yin amfani da hanyoyin jerin don sanya komai a ciki ko cire abu daga jerin da zamu iya amfani dasu wanda aka gina a cikin kalmar del don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan. Kalmar "del" zata iya share abun jeri daga ƙwaƙwalwa ko share abu daga lissafi ko share abu daga yanki.

>>> name = ['Leo','Matt','Kane','Scott','Petter','Will']
>>> del name[0]
>>> name
['Matt', 'Kane', 'Scott', 'Petter', 'Will']
>>> del name[-3:]
>>> name
['Matt', 'Kane']
>>> del name[:]
>>> name
[]

An gina shi a cikin id() aiki ya dawo da\"ainihi" na abu. Wannan adadi ne wanda aka tabbatar dashi na musamman da dorewa ga wannan abun yayin rayuwarsa.

>>> id(name)
139979929658824
>>> del name
>>> id(name)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
NameError: name 'name' is not defined

Lura: mun cire canjin jerin daga ƙwaƙwalwar ta amfani da del() , saboda haka yana jefa kuskuren suna.

help() funtion:

Gina a cikin taimako aiki() yana da matukar amfani don samun cikakken bayani game da wani abu ko hanyoyin wannan abun.

help(object)
help(object.method)

Ya zuwa yanzu a cikin wannan labarin, mun ga yadda za mu iya amfani da tsarin bayanan lissafi don adanawa, samun dama, gyara, share abubuwan jeri ta amfani da hanyoyin jerin. Hakanan mun ga wasu ayyukan ginannun kamar id(), dir(), nau'in(), taimako() waɗanda ayyuka ne masu tasiri. Har ila yau, muna da fahimtar lissafi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke ba da taƙaitacciyar hanyar da za a iya karantawa ta ƙirƙirar jerin.