Yadda ake Amfani da Abubuwan andira da Tsayayyar Kayayyaki a Cikin Gaskiya - Sashe na 4

A cikin wannan Kashi na 4 na Jerin Ansible, zamuyi bayanin yadda ake amfani da tsayayyen tsayayyen kaya don ayyana rukunin rundunoni a Ansible.

A cikin Ansible, rundunonin gudanarwa ko sabobin da ake sarrafawa ta hanyar Ansible control node an ayyana su a cikin fayil na kayan gida kamar yadda aka bayyana a ciki. Fayil na kayan aikin mai gida fayil ne na rubutu wanda ya kunshi sunayen masaukai ko adiresoshin IP na masu masaukin gudanarwa ko sabobin nesa.

Za'a iya lissafa rundunonin da aka gudanar a matsayin shigarwar mutum ko rarraba su a ƙarƙashin sunan rukuni kamar yadda za mu gani a gaba. A cikin Ansible, akwai fayilolin kayan aiki iri biyu: Static and Dynamic.

Bari mu kalli kowane ɗayan waɗannan kuma mu ga yadda za mu iya sarrafa su. Zuwa yanzu, mun ɗauka cewa kun riga kun sanya Mai saukin ganewa a kan hanyar ku ta Sarrafawa, kuma kun saita haɗin SSH mara kalmar wucewa ga rundunonin da kuka gudanar.

A cikin Sahihi, fayil ɗin takaddun tsaye shine fayil ɗin rubutu bayyananne wanda ke ɗauke da jerin sunayen rundunonin gudanarwa waɗanda aka ayyana a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar mai amfani ta hanyar amfani da sunaye ko adireshin IP.

Sunan rukunin mai masaukin suna a rufe a cikin madogara madaukai watau [sunan rukuni] Ana shigar da shigarwar masu gudanarwar a ƙasa a ƙasa da sunan rukuni, kowanne a kan layin sa. Kamar yadda aka tattauna a baya, an tsara rundunonin ta amfani da sunaye ko adiresoshin IP.

[group name]

Host A ip_address 
Host B ip_address
Host c ip_address

Don dalilai na zane, zamu ƙirƙiri fayil mai kayatarwa tsaye.

# mkdir test_lab && cd test_lab
# vim hosts

[webservers]
173.82.115.165

[database_servers]
173.82.220.239

[datacenter:children]
webservers
database_servers

Adana fayil ɗin kuma fita.

Kamar yadda zaku iya gani a cikin fayil ɗin kaya a sama, mun ƙirƙiri ƙungiyoyin karɓar bakuncin 2: webservers da database_servers. Hakanan, mun ƙirƙiri ƙarin rukuni wanda ake kira datacenter wanda ya haɗa da rukuni na rukunin masu karɓar baƙi wanda aka nuna ta : yara kari kamar yadda aka gani a sama.

Hakanan Ansible yana ba da damar sanya rukunin runduna a ƙarƙashin sunan rukuni. A cikin fayil ɗin kaya da ke sama, an sanya masu amfani da rukunin yanar gizo da rukunin database_servers ƙarƙashin datacenter.

NOTE: Ba lallai bane sanya runduna mai gudanarwa a cikin rukuni na rukuni. Kuna iya lissafa su kawai ta amfani da sunayen masaukin su ko adiresoshin IP misali.

173.82.202.239
172.82.115.165
load_balancer.pnl.com

Bari yanzu muyi amfani da commandsan umarni masu sauƙi don nusar da fayil ɗin kayan aikin mai karɓar. Asalin tsarin asali don gudanar da kaya kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ ansible {host-pattern} -i /path/of/inventory/file --list-hosts

Misali,

$ ansible all -i /root/test_labs/hosts --list-hosts

A madadin, zaku iya amfani da harafin alamar alama * don maye gurbin gardama ‘duk’ .

$ ansible * -i /root/test_labs/hosts --list-hosts

Don jera runduna a cikin rukuni, saka rukunin mai masaukin a wurin mai masaukin-kwatancen.

$ ansible webservers -i /root/test_labs/hosts --list-hosts

A cikin daidaitawa - musamman saitin girgije kamar AWS inda fayil ɗin kayan ajiya ke canzawa koyaushe yayin da kuka ƙara ko cire sabobin, ajiye shafuka akan rundunonin da aka ayyana a cikin fayil ɗin lissafin ya zama babban ƙalubale. Ya zama da wahala komawa ga fayil ɗin mai masauka da sabunta jerin sunayen rundunonin tare da adiresoshin IP ɗin su.

Kuma wannan shine inda kayan haɓaka masu ƙarfi suka zo don yin wasa. Don haka menene ƙididdigar kayan aiki? Dynamicarin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi shine rubutun da aka rubuta a Python, PHP ko kowane yaren shirye-shirye. Ya zo da amfani a cikin yanayin girgije kamar AWS inda adiresoshin IP ke canzawa da zarar an dakatar da sabar mai kama da sake farawa.

Ansible ya riga ya haɓaka rubutun kaya don dandamali girgije na jama'a kamar Google Compute Engine, Amazon EC2 misali, OpenStack, RackSpace, cobbler, da sauransu.

• Ingantattun kayayyaki suna yin cikakken aiki na rage kuskuren ɗan adam yayin da ake tattara bayanai ta amfani da rubutun.
• Ana buƙatar ƙoƙari kaɗan a cikin sarrafa kayayyaki.

Kuna iya rubuta kayan kwalliyar ku na musamman a cikin harshen shirye-shiryen da kuka zaɓa. Kayan yakamata ya dawo da tsari a cikin JSON lokacin da aka wuce zaɓukan da suka dace.

Rubutun da ake amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga mai ƙarfi dole ne a sanya shi aiki saboda Ansible zai iya amfani dashi.

Don dawo da bayanai game da masu masaukin baki a cikin rubutun ƙirar aiki mai gudana kawai.

# ./script --list 

Kamar yadda aka nuna a baya, kayan aikin ya kasance a cikin JSON a cikin tsarin da ke ƙasa.

• Jerin runduna masu gudanarwa a kowace rukuni
• Kamus na masu canji

• Masu watsa shiri da masaukin baki

{
  "webservers": {
    "hosts": [
      "webserver1.example.com",
      "webserver2.example.com"
    ],
    "vars": {}
  },
  "database_servers": {
    "hosts": [
      "mysql_db1",
      "mysql_db2"
    ],
    "vars": {}
  },
  "_meta": {
    "hostvars": {
      "mysql_db2": {},
      "webserver2.example.com": {},
      "webserver1.example.com": {}, 
      "mysql_db1": {}
    }
  }
}

A cikin wannan labarin, mun nuna yadda za mu ƙirƙiri ingantattun kayan aiki. A taƙaice, fayil ɗin adadi na tsaye fayil ɗin rubutu ne bayyananne wanda ke ɗauke da jerin jerin rundunonin gudanarwa ko nodes masu nisa waɗanda lambobin su da adiresoshin IP suka kasance suna tsaye.

A gefe guda, fayil mai karɓar bakuncin yana ci gaba da canza yayin da kake ƙara sabbin runduna ko lalata tsofaffi. Adiresoshin IP na masu masauki suma suna da ƙarfi yayin da kuka tsayar da fara sabbin tsarin rundunar. Muna fatan kun sami wannan koyarwar koyawa.