Yadda ake Ƙirƙiri da Sarrafa Ayyukan Cron akan Linux


sarrafa ayyukan wariyar ajiya, tsaftacewa, sanarwa, da sauransu.

Ayyukan Cron suna gudana a bango kuma koyaushe bincika fayil ɗin /etc/crontab, da /etc/cron.*/ da /var/spool/cron/ kundayen adireshi. Fayilolin cron bai kamata a gyara su kai tsaye ba kuma kowane mai amfani yana da crontab na musamman.

Ta yaya ya kamata ku ƙirƙira da gyara ayyukan cron? Tare da umarnin crontab. crontab ita ce hanyar da kuke amfani da ita don ƙirƙira, gyara, shigarwa, cirewa, da jera ayyukan cron.

Umarnin don ƙirƙirar da gyara ayyukan cron iri ɗaya ne kuma mai sauƙi. Kuma abin da ya fi sanyaya shi ne cewa ba kwa buƙatar sake kunna cron bayan ƙirƙirar sabbin fayiloli ko gyara waɗanda ke akwai.

$ crontab -e

Cron Syntax

Kamar dai yadda yake tare da kowane harshe, yin aiki tare da cron yana da sauƙin sauƙi lokacin da kuka fahimci haɗin gwiwarsa kuma akwai nau'ikan 2 da ya kamata ku sani:

A B C D E USERNAME /path/to/command arg1 arg2
OR
A B C D E USERNAME /root/backup.sh

Bayanin na sama cron syntax:

  • A: Tsawon mintuna: 0 – 59
  • B: Tsawon awoyi: 0 – 23
  • C: Tsawon kwanaki: 0 – 31
  • D: Tsawon watanni: 0 – 12
  • E: Ranakun mako: 0 - 7. Farawa daga Litinin, 0 ko 7 suna wakiltar Lahadi
  • USERNAME: maye gurbin wannan da sunan mai amfani
  • /hanya/zuwa/umurni - Sunan rubutun ko umarnin da kuke son tsarawa

Wannan ba duka ba ne. Cron yana amfani da alamomin afareta 3 waɗanda ke ba ku damar ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu yawa a cikin filin:

  1. Asterisk (*): yana ƙayyadad da duk yuwuwar ƙimar filin
  2. Waƙafi (,) : yana ƙayyadad da jerin ƙididdiga
  3. Dash (-) : yana ƙayyadad da kewayon ƙimar
  4. Mai raba (/) : yana ƙayyadadden ƙimar mataki

Yanzu da kuka san tsarin aikin Cron da masu aiki, bari mu ga wasu misalan cron.

Misalan Ayyuka na Cron

Mataki na farko don gudanar da umarnin cron shine shigar da crontab tare da umarnin:

# crontab -e

Gudun /root/backup.sh da ƙarfe 3 na safe kowace rana:

0 3 * * * /root/backup.sh

Gudun script.sh da ƙarfe 4:30 na yamma a rana ta biyu na kowane wata:

30 16 2 * * /path/to/script.sh

Gudun /scripts/phpscript.php a 10 na yamma a cikin mako:

0 22 * * 1-5 /scripts/phpscript.php

Gudun perlscript.pl a mintuna 23 bayan tsakar dare, 2 na safe da 4 na safe, kullun:

23 0-23/2 * * * /path/to/perlscript.pl

Gudun umarnin Linux a 04:05 kowace Lahadi:

5 4 * * sun /path/to/linuxcommand

Zaɓuɓɓukan Cron

Jerin ayyukan cron.

# crontab -l
OR
# crontab -u username -l

Share duk ayyukan crontab.

# crontab -r

Share aikin Cron don takamaiman mai amfani.

# crontab -r -u username

Zaɓuɓɓuka a cikin Crontab

Zaɓuɓɓuka suna cikin abubuwan da masu haɓaka suka fi so saboda suna taimakawa wajen adana lokaci ta hanyar kawar da maimaita rubuce-rubuce. Cron yana da takamaiman igiyoyin da za ku iya amfani da su don ƙirƙirar umarni da sauri:

  1. @hourly: Gudu sau ɗaya a kowace awa wato 0 * * *
  2. @tsakar dare: Gudu sau ɗaya kowace rana watau “0 0 * * *“
  3. @dayly: daidai da tsakar dare
  4. @makowa: Gudu sau ɗaya kowane mako, watau “0 0 * * 0“
  5. @ kowane wata: Gudu sau ɗaya kowane wata watau “0 0 1 * *“
  6. @ shekara-shekara: Gudu sau ɗaya kowace shekara watau 0 0 1 1 *
  7. @shekara-shekara: daidai da @shekara-shekara
  8. @sake yi: Gudu sau ɗaya a kowace farawa

Misali, wannan shine yadda ake ajiye tsarin ku kowace rana:

@daily /path/to/backup/script.sh

A wannan gaba, kuna da duk abin da kuke buƙata don ƙirƙira da sarrafa ayyukan tsarin ta amfani da Cron. Yanzu zaku iya fara saitawa da kula da wurare da yawa ta amfani da umarni da aka tsara.

Nawa ne ku na mai amfani da Cron? Kuma akwai wasu bayanai da za ku iya ba da gudummawa ga labarin? Akwatin tattaunawa yana ƙasa.

Lokacin da kuka fahimci isashen yadda Crontab ke aiki zaku iya amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin janareta na Crontab don samar da layin crontab kyauta.

Hakanan, zaku iya karanta labarin Ubuntu kan yadda ake amfani da Cron anan. Yana da albarkatun da za ku iya samun amfani.