Mafi kyawun Masu Sauke Layin Umurni don Linux
Lokacin aiki daga nesa ko ma cikin gida, yawanci kuna buƙatar samun abun ciki daga tushen waje. Don samun irin wannan abun ciki, musamman lokacin da ba ku da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka, za ku so ku yi amfani da kayan aikin layin umarni don yin aikin.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu sake nazarin wasu kayan aikin da aka fi amfani da su don zazzage abun ciki ta hanyar layin umarni.
Wget
Za mu fara da ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kayan aikin da ake kira wget. Yana da hanyar sadarwa mai amfani da za a iya amfani dashi don zazzage abun ciki akan HTTP, HTTPS da FTP. Ana iya amfani da Wget a bango da gaba, wanda ke sa ya zama mai amfani idan kuna buƙatar barin saukewa yana gudana, koda lokacin da aka kashe ku.
Wannan kayan aikin ya zo tare da zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa, waɗanda ke ba ku damar yin ingantaccen zazzagewa, zazzagewa mai maimaitawa tare da iyakokin matakin, karɓar maganganun yau da kullun don URLs, ba da izinin cirewa, karɓar abubuwan URL daga fayil da sauran su. Zaɓuɓɓukan don wget suna da yawa da gaske kuma ana ba da shawarar sosai don duba shafin taimako na kayan aiki ta hanyar gudu kawai.
$ wget -h
Babban misalin zazzagewa na wget shine:
$ wget https://wordpress.org/latest.zip
Misalin zazzagewa daga URLs da aka jera a cikin fayil. Na farko ga jerin fayil ɗin mu:
$ cat list.txt https://wordpress.org/latest.zip https://downloads.joomla.org/cms/joomla3/3-8-5/Joomla_3-9-4-Stable-Full_Package.zip https://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-8.4.5.zip
Sannan zaku iya gudanar da zazzagewar tare da:
$ wget -i list.txt
Don gudanar da zazzagewa a bango zaka iya amfani da:
$ wget -b https://wordpress.org/latest.zip
Idan kuna son amfani da wget tare da FTP don saukar da fayil guda ɗaya.
$ wget ftp://user:[email :/path-to-file/file.txt
Misali mafi fa'ida na wannan shine yin amfani da yanayin baya da maimaitawa don ku sami duk fayiloli da manyan fayiloli a cikin kundin adireshi.
$ wget -br ftp://user:[email :/path-for-download/
Wget an riga an shigar dashi akan yawancin distros na Linux na zamani, amma idan kuna buƙatar shigar dashi, zaku iya amfani da:
$ sudo apt install wget # Debian/Ubuntu like distros # yum install wget # CentOS/RHEL # dnf install wget # Fedora
Karfe
Curl kayan aiki ne wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don canja wurin bayanai daga ko zuwa uwar garken. Yana goyan bayan ka'idoji da yawa. Dangane da shafin mutumin, waɗannan ka'idoji suna tallafawa DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP , SMTPS, TELNET, da TFTP.
Kamar yadda kuke tsammani, kuna iya yin abubuwa da yawa tare da waɗannan. Kamar yadda wataƙila kun gano shi, curl yana goyan bayan proxies, tantancewar mai amfani, loda/zazzagewar FTP, ci gaba da canja wurin fayil da ƙari mai yawa.
Zazzage fayil:
$ curl -O https://wordpress.org/latest.zip <./pre> Download a file to output file by your choice:
$ curl -o wordpress.zip https://wordpress.org/latest.zip
Don ci gaba da saukewar da aka katse zaka iya amfani da:
$ curl -C - O https://wordpress.org/latest.zip
Kuna iya duba ƙarin misalan curl masu amfani anan: Nasihu 15 akan yadda ake amfani da curl a Linux.
Don shigar da curl, zaku iya amfani da:
$ sudo apt install curl # Debian/Ubuntu # yum install curl # CentOS/RHEL # dnf install curl # Fedora
Ariya2
Aria wani kayan aiki ne na zazzage ƙa'idodi masu yawa. Aria yana goyan bayan HTTP/HTTPS, FTP/SFTP BitTorrent da Metalink. Wasu daga cikin fasalulluka waɗanda ke sa shi bambanta idan aka kwatanta da wasu shine cewa yana tallafawa zazzage fayiloli daga wurare da yawa a lokaci guda, hanyoyin haɗin magnet kuma yana da cikakken fasalin abokin ciniki na BitTorrent.
A matsayin abokin ciniki na BitTorrent, yana goyan bayan DHT, PEX, boye-boye, Magnet URI, shukar yanar gizo, zazzagewar zaɓi, da kuma gano takwarorinsu na gida.
Jin kyauta don sake nazarin labarin mai sarrafa zazzagewar Aria2 don ƙarin cikakken amfani. A ƙasa zaku iya ganin ƴan misalan amfanin aria2 na asali
:
Zazzage fayil ɗin torrent:
$ aria2c http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.10/ubuntu-18.10-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent
Zazzagewa, ta amfani da URLs da aka jera a cikin fayil ɗin rubutu:
$ aria2c -i downloadurls.txt
Ci gaba da saukewa bai cika ba:
$ aria2c -c http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.10/ubuntu-18.10-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent
Zazzagewa daga rukunin yanar gizon da aka kare kalmar sirri:
$ aria2c --http-user=xxx --http-password=xxx https://protectedwebsite.com/file
Don shigar da Aria2, zaku iya amfani da umarni masu zuwa:
$ sudo apt install aria2 # Debian/Ubuntu # yum install aria2 # CentOS/RHEL # dnf install aria2 # Fedora
Axel
Mai amfani da zazzagewa na huɗu a cikin jerinmu shine Axel, ƙoƙarin inganta tsarin zazzagewa ta amfani da haɗin kai da yawa don fayil ɗaya. Yana iya amfani da wuraren zazzagewa da yawa don saukewa ɗaya. A cewar masu haɓakawa, Axel na iya haɓaka saurin zazzagewar ku da kashi 60% kuma yana goyan bayan ka'idoji: HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, da FTPS.
Mun sake nazarin Axel a cikin wani labarin daban, wanda zaku iya samu anan: Yadda ake amfani da Axel azaman mai saurin saukarwa don hanzarta zazzagewar FTP da HTTP a cikin Linux.
A cikin labarin da ke sama, zaku iya duba wasu kwatancen lokacin zazzagewa tsakanin wget, zazzagewar HTTP, da Axel.
Don yin saukewa mai sauƙi tare da Axel, zaka iya amfani da umarni mai zuwa:
$ axel https://wordpress.org/latest.zip
Kuna iya saita matsakaicin saurin saukewa tare da zaɓi mai dacewa --max-speed ko gajeriyar zaɓi -s. An saita ƙimar a cikin bytes a sakan daya:
$ axel --max-speed=512000 https://wordpress.org/latest.zip
Don adana fayil ɗin tare da suna daban-daban, zaku iya amfani da zaɓin -o don tantance sunan fayil:
$ axel -o wordpress.zip https://wordpress.org/latest.zip
Idan kuna son shigar da Axel akan tsarin Linux ku yi amfani da abin da ya dace daga umarnin da ke ƙasa:
$ sudo apt install axel # Ubuntu/Debian # yum install epel release && yum install axel # CentOS/RHEL # dnf install axel # Fedora
Wannan shi ne jerin sunayen wasu abubuwan amfani da zazzagewa da aka fi amfani da su a cikin Linux. Wadanne ne kuke amfani da su? Me yasa kuka fi son waɗannan? Raba ra'ayin ku a cikin sashin sharhin da ke ƙasa.