Fahimci Babban Mahimmin Sahihi - Sashe na 1
The Red Hat Certified Specialist in Ansible Automation exam (EX407) sabon shiri ne na takaddama ta Red Hat wanda ke gwada ƙwarewar ku don amfani da Ansible don sarrafa kai tsaye tsarin tsarin da aikace-aikace.
Jerin jerin za'a masa lakabi da "Red Hat Certified Specialist in Ansible Automation exam (EX407)" kuma ya hada da makasudin jarabawan masu zuwa ne bisa tsarin Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 da Ansible 2.7, wanda zamu gabatar dasu a wannan jerin Ansible:
Don duba kudade da yin rijista don gwaji a cikin ƙasarku, bincika shafin jarrabawar Gyara atomatik.
A cikin wannan bangare na 1 na jerin Ansible, zamu tattauna wasu bayyanannun bayanai game da mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin Ansible.
Ansible dandamali ne na kai tsaye kyauta da budewa ta RedHat wanda zai baka damar sarrafawa da sarrafa sabobin da yawa daga wani bigire. Ya fi dacewa musamman lokacin da kake da ayyuka da yawa da maimaitawa waɗanda ake buƙatar aiwatarwa. Don haka maimakon shiga cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙananan nood ɗin da aiwatar da ayyukanku, kuna iya yin hakan cikin kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar matsakaiciyar wuri kuma ku sami kyakkyawan kulawa da sabar ku.
Wannan yana da fa'ida lokacin da kake son kiyaye daidaito a cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace, rage kuskuren mutum da sarrafawa ta atomatik da ɗan aiki na ɗan lokaci.
Tabbas, akwai wasu hanyoyin zuwa Ansible kamar su Yar tsana, Chef, da Gishiri. Koyaya, An fi dacewa da Ansible saboda yana da sauƙin amfani da kuma sauƙin koya.
Me yasa yake da sauki koya zaka iya tambaya? Wannan saboda Ansible yana amfani da YAML (Duk da haka Wani Harshen Markup) a cikin tsarin saiti da ayyukan atomatik waɗanda ke iya karantawa ɗan adam kuma mai sauƙin bin su. YAML yana amfani da yarjejeniyar SSH don sadarwa tare da sabobin nesa, sabanin sauran dandamali na atomatik waɗanda ke buƙatar ku girka wakili a kan nodes masu nisa don sadarwa tare da su.
Kafin mu fara da Ansible, yana da mahimmanci ku saba da wasu kalmomin gamawa don kada ku ɓace ko rikice yayin da muke ci gaba.
Inventarin kaya shine fayil ɗin rubutu wanda ya ƙunshi jerin sabobin ko nodes waɗanda kuke sarrafawa da daidaitawa. Yawancin lokaci, ana lasafta sabobin dangane da sunaye ko adiresoshin IP.
Fayil na kaya na iya ƙunsar tsarin nesa wanda aka bayyana ta adiresoshin IP ɗin su kamar yadda aka nuna:
10.200.50.50 10.200.50.51 10.200.50.52
A madadin, ana iya lissafa su bisa ga ƙungiyoyi. A cikin misalin da ke ƙasa, muna da sabobin da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyoyi 2 - sabar yanar gizo da bayanai. Ta wannan hanyar za'a iya rubuta su gwargwadon sunayen rukunin su ba adiresoshin IP ɗin su ba. Wannan yana kara sauƙaƙa matakan aiki.
[webservers] 10.200.50.60 10.200.50.61 [databases] 10.200.50.70 10.200.50.71
Kuna iya samun ƙungiyoyi da yawa tare da sabobin da yawa idan kuna cikin babban yanayin samarwa.
Littafin wasan kundi ne na tsarin sarrafawar daidaitawa wanda ke bayyana yadda za'a aiwatar da ayyuka akan rundunoni masu nisa ko gungun injunan rundunar. An rubuta rubutun ko umarnin a tsarin YAML.
Misali, kuna iya samun fayil na littafin kunnawa don sanya Apache webserver akan CentOS 7 kuma kira shi httpd.yml.
Don ƙirƙirar littafin kunna wasan umarni.
$ touch playbook_name.yml
Misali don ƙirƙirar littafin waƙa mai suna httpd, gudanar da umurnin.
$ touch httpd.yml
Fayil YAML yana farawa tare da ɗaukar hoto 3 kamar yadda aka nuna. A cikin fayil ɗin, ƙara umarnin masu zuwa.
---
- name: This installs and starts Apache webserver
hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: Install Apache Webserver
yum: name=httpd state=latest
- name: check httpd status
service: name=httpd state=started
Littafin wasan kwaikwayo na sama yana girka sabar yanar gizo ta Apache akan tsarin nesa wanda aka bayyana azaman masu sa ido a cikin fayil ɗin kaya. Bayan an girka webserver din, Ana iya dubawa daga baya idan an fara sabar yanar gizo ta Apache kuma tana gudana.
Ulesananan kayayyaki ƙananan lambobi ne na lambar da aka yi amfani da su a cikin littattafan wasan don aiwatar da umarni a kan rundunonin da ke nesa ko sabobin. Kowane rukuni ana biye da hujja.
Tsarin tsari na koyaushe shine maɓalli: ƙima.
- name: Install apache packages
yum: name=httpd state=present
A cikin maɓallin lambar YAML na sama, -name da yum sune kayayyaki.
Wasan da aka amsa shine rubutu ko umarni wanda ke bayyana aikin da za'a aiwatar akan sabar. Tarin wasannin kwaikwayo sun zama littafin wasan kwaikwayo. A takaice dai, littafin wasan kwaikwayo tarin wasannin kwaikwayo ne da yawa, kowannensu ya fayyace aikin da za'a gudanar akan sabar. Wasanni suna wanzu a tsarin YAML.
Idan kuna da asali a cikin shirye-shirye, to da alama kun yi amfani da masu canji. Asali, mai canji yana wakiltar ƙima. Mai canzawa na iya haɗawa da haruffa, adadi, da ƙananan abubuwa amma Dole ne koyaushe fara da haruffa.
Ana amfani da canje-canje lokacin da umarni ya bambanta daga wannan tsarin zuwa wancan. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman yayin daidaitawa ko ayyuka daban-daban da fasaloli.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan 3 masu canji:
- Masu canzawa na littafin littafi
- Masu canjin abubuwa
- Masu canji na musamman
A cikin Ansible, ana bayyana masu canji ta farko ta amfani da vars k, sannan sai sunan mai canzawa da ƙimar su biyo su.
Aikin gabatarwa kamar yadda aka nuna:
vars: Var name1: ‘My first variable’ Var name2: ‘My second variable’
Yi la'akari da lambar da ke ƙasa.
- hosts: webservers
vars:
- web_directory:/var/www/html/
A cikin misalin da ke sama, mai canzawa anan web_directory ne kuma yana umartar da amintacce don ƙirƙirar shugabanci a cikin/var/www/html/hanyar.
Tabbatattun kayan mallakar gida ne wanda Ansible ya tattara lokacin da yake aiwatar da littafin wasan kwaikwayo akan tsarin mai gida. Kadarorin sun hada da sunan mai masauki, dangin OS, nau'in CPU, da kuma CPU domin ambaton kadan.
Don hango adadin hujjojin da ke akwai don amfani da bayar da umurnin.
$ ansible localhost -m setup
Kamar yadda kake gani, an nuna yawancin gaskiyar ta tsohuwa. Kuna iya kara rage sakamakon ta amfani da ma'aunin matatar kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ ansible localhost -m setup -a "filter=*ipv4"
A cikin Ansible, fayil ɗin sanyi fayil ne wanda ya ƙunshi saitunan siga daban-daban waɗanda ke ƙayyade yadda Ansible yake gudana. Fayil din daidaitaccen tsari shine fayil na ansible.cfg wanda yake cikin/etc/ansible/directory.
Kuna iya duba fayil ɗin sanyi ta gudana:
$ cat /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
Kamar yadda zaku iya lura, an haɗa sigogi da yawa kamar su hanyoyin lissafi da kuma hanyar fayil ɗin laburare, mai amfani da sudo, matattara na fulogi, kayayyaki, da dai sauransu. Waɗannan sigogi ana iya daidaita su ta hanyar yin sharhi da su da kuma sauya ƙimomin da ke ciki.
Allyari, kuna iya samun fayilolin daidaitawa da yawa da ke aiki tare da Ansible ban da fayil ɗin saitin tsoffin ku.
Bayan mun duba mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin Ansible, muna fatan kun kasance cikin matsayi don kiyaye su a yatsan ku kuma zaɓi su yayin da muke ci gaba. Kasance tare damu a maudu'in ku na gaba.