Yadda ake Ajiyayyen Fayil ta atomatik zuwa Media na USB Idan Haɗa

Ajiyayyen shine tsaro na ƙarshe akan asarar bayanai, yana ba da hanyar dawo da bayanan asali. Kuna iya amfani da ko dai kafofin watsa labarai masu ciruwa kamar rumbun kwamfutarka ta waje ko faifan USB flash ko babban fayil na cibiyar sadarwa, ko mai watsa shiri mai nisa don adana bayananku. Yana da sauƙi (kuma daidai da mahimmanci) don adana mahimman fayilolinku ta atomatik ba tare da kun tuna yin haka ba.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu koyi yadda ake ajiye bayanai ta atomatik zuwa kafofin watsa labarai masu cirewa bayan haɗa su zuwa injin Linux ɗin ku. Za mu gwada da faifan waje. Wannan jagorar asali ce don farawa tare da amfani da udev don mafita ta rayuwa ta gaske.

Don manufar wannan labarin, muna buƙatar tsarin Linux na zamani tare da:

  1. Systems and Services Manager
  2. udev na'ura Manager
  3. rsync madadin kayan aiki

Yadda Ake Daidaita Dokokin Udev don Mai Rarraba Mai Cire

Udev manajan na'ura ne wanda ke ba ku damar ayyana ƙa'idodi waɗanda zasu iya da sauransu, haifar da aiwatar da shirin ko rubutun lokacin da aka ƙara na'ura ko cirewa daga tsarin da ke gudana, a zaman wani ɓangare na sarrafa taron na'urar. Za mu iya amfani da wannan fasalin don aiwatar da rubutun madadin bayan ƙara kafofin watsa labarai mai ciruwa zuwa tsarin da ke gudana.

Kafin mu tsara ainihin ƙa'ida don gudanar da taron na'urar, muna buƙatar samar da udev wasu halayen kafofin watsa labarai masu cirewa waɗanda za a yi amfani da su don wariyar ajiya. Haɗa faifan waje zuwa tsarin aiki kuma gudanar da umarnin lsusb mai zuwa don gano ID ɗin mai siyar da shi.

Don manufar gwaji, za mu yi amfani da 1TB hard disk na waje kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ lsusb

Daga fitowar umarnin da ke sama, ID ɗin mai siyar da na'urar mu shine 125f, wanda zamu ƙayyade a cikin ƙa'idodin udev kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa.

Da farko, cire kafofin watsa labarai da aka haɗa daga tsarin kuma ƙirƙirar sabon fayil ɗin dokokin udev mai suna 10.autobackup.rules ƙarƙashin directory /etc/udev/rules.d/.

10 a cikin sunan fayil yana ƙayyadaddun tsari na aiwatar da dokoki. Tsarin da aka tsara dokoki yana da mahimmanci; ya kamata koyaushe ku ƙirƙiri ƙa'idodi na al'ada da za a yi la'akari da su kafin rashin daidaituwa.

$ sudo vim /etc/udev/rules.d/10.autobackup.rules

Sa'an nan kuma ƙara ƙa'ida a cikinsa:

SUBSYSTEM=="block", ACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="125f" SYMLINK+="external%n", RUN+="/bin/autobackup.sh"

Bari mu yi bayanin ƙa'idar da ke sama a taƙaice:

  • ==\ : ma'aikaci ne don kwatanta daidaito.
  • \+=\ : mai aiki ne don ƙara darajar zuwa maɓalli mai riƙe da jerin abubuwan shigarwa.
  • SUBSYSTEM: yayi daidai da tsarin na'urar taron.
  • ACTION: yayi daidai da sunan aikin taron.
  • ATTRS{idVendor}: yayi daidai da ƙimar sifa na sysfs na na'urar taron, wanda shine ID mai siyar da na'urar.
  • RUN: yana ƙayyade shirin ko rubutun da za a aiwatar a matsayin wani ɓangare na gudanar da taron.

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma rufe shi.

Ƙirƙiri Rubutun Ajiyayyen atomatik

Yanzu ƙirƙiri rubutun madadin atomatik wanda zai adana fayilolin atomatik zuwa kebul na cirewa lokacin da aka haɗa su da tsarin.

$ sudo vim /bin/autobackup.sh

Yanzu kwafi kuma liƙa wannan rubutun mai zuwa, tabbatar da maye gurbin ƙimar BACKUP_SOURCE, BACKUP_DEVICE, da MOUNT_POINT a cikin rubutun.

#!/usr/bin/bash
BACKUP_SOURCE="/home/admin/important"
BACKUP_DEVICE="/dev/external1"
MOUNT_POINT="/mnt/external"


#check if mount point directory exists, if not create it
if [ ! -d “MOUNT_POINT” ] ; then 
	/bin/mkdir  “$MOUNT_POINT”; 
fi

/bin/mount  -t  auto  “$BACKUP_DEVICE”  “$MOUNT_POINT”

#run a differential backup of files
/usr/bin/rsync -auz "$MOUNT_POINT" "$BACKUP_SOURCE" && /bin/umount "$BACKUP_DEVICE"
exit

Sannan sanya rubutun aiwatarwa tare da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo chmod +x /bin/autobackup.sh

Na gaba, sake shigar da dokokin udev ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ udevadm control --reload

Lokaci na gaba da ka haɗa rumbun kwamfutarka ta waje ko kowace na'urar da ka saita zuwa tsarin, duk takaddunka daga wurin da aka ƙayyade ya kamata a yi musu ta atomatik.

Lura: Yadda tsarin aiki zai iya tasiri sosai ta tsarin fayil akan kafofin watsa labarai masu cirewa da ka'idodin udev da kuka rubuta, musamman ɗaukar halayen na'urar.

Don ƙarin bayani, duba udev, mount da rsync man shafukan.

$ man udev
$ man mount 
$ man rsync

Hakanan kuna iya son karanta waɗannan labarai masu alaƙa da madadin Linux.

  1. rdiff-backup – Kayan aikin Ajiyayyen Ƙaruwa mai Nisa don Linux
  2. Kabari - Rufin Fayil da Kayan Ajiyayyen Keɓaɓɓen don Linux
  3. Tsarin Tar da Mayar da - Rubutun Ajiyayyen Mahimmanci don Linux
  4. Yadda ake Ƙirƙirar Mahimmancin Ajiyayyen Bandwidth Ta Amfani da Duplicity a Linux
  5. Rsnapshot – Kayan Aikin Ajiyayyen Gida/Nusa don Linux
  6. Yadda ake Daidaita Sabar Yanar Gizo/Shafukan Yanar Gizo na Apache Biyu Ta Amfani da Rsync

Wannan ke nan a yanzu! A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana yadda ake adana bayanan atomatik zuwa kafofin watsa labarai masu ciruwa bayan haɗa su da injin Linux ɗin ku. Muna so mu ji ta bakinku ta hanyar amsa tambayoyin da ke ƙasa.