Yadda ake saita uwar garken DHCP da Abokin ciniki akan CentOS da Ubuntu


DHCP (gajeren ka'idar Kanfigareshan Mai watsa shiri mai ƙarfi) abokin ciniki ne/ka'idar uwar garken da ke ba uwar garken damar sanya adireshin IP ta atomatik da sauran sigogin daidaitawa masu alaƙa (kamar abin rufe fuska da tsoho ƙofa) ga abokin ciniki akan hanyar sadarwa.

DHCP yana da mahimmanci saboda yana hana tsarin ko mai gudanar da cibiyar sadarwa daidaita adiresoshin IP da hannu don sabbin kwamfutoci da aka saka a cibiyar sadarwar ko kwamfutocin da aka matsa daga wannan rukunin yanar gizon zuwa wani.

Adireshin IP ɗin da uwar garken DHCP ya ba abokin ciniki na DHCP yana kan lease, lokacin haya ya bambanta dangane da tsawon lokacin da kwamfutar abokin ciniki ke buƙatar haɗin kai ko daidaitawar DHCP.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana yadda ake saita uwar garken DHCP a cikin CentOS da Ubuntu Linux rabawa don sanya adireshin IP ta atomatik zuwa injin abokin ciniki.

Shigar da uwar garken DHCP a cikin CentOS da Ubuntu

Fakitin uwar garken DCHP yana samuwa a cikin ma'ajiyar hukuma na rarraba Linux na yau da kullun, shigarwa yana da sauƙi, kawai gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# yum install dhcp		        #CentOS
$ sudo apt install isc-dhcp-server	#Ubuntu

Da zarar an gama shigarwa, saita ƙirar da kuke son DHCP daemon don ba da buƙatun a cikin fayil ɗin sanyi /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server ko /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd.

# vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd		 #CentOS
$ sudo vim /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server	 #Ubuntu

Misali, idan kuna son DHCPD daemon ya saurare akan eth0, saita ta ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

DHCPDARGS=”eth0”

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita.

Yana saita uwar garken DHCP a cikin CentOS da Ubuntu

Babban fayil ɗin daidaitawar DHCP yana a /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf, wanda yakamata ya ƙunshi saitunan abin da za a yi, inda za a yi wani abu da duk sigogin cibiyar sadarwa don samarwa ga abokan ciniki.

Ainihin wannan fayil ɗin ya ƙunshi jerin maganganun da aka haɗa zuwa manyan rukunai biyu:

  • Ma'auni na duniya: ƙayyade yadda ake aiwatar da ɗawainiya, ko aiwatar da ɗawainiya, ko waɗanne sigogin tsarin sadarwa don samarwa ga abokin ciniki na DHCP.
  • Sanarwa: ayyana topology na hanyar sadarwa, bayyana abokin ciniki a ciki, ba da adireshi ga abokan cinikin, ko amfani da rukunin sigogi zuwa ƙungiyar sanarwa.

Yanzu, buɗe kuma shirya fayil ɗin sanyi don saita sabar DHCP ɗin ku.

------------ On CentOS ------------ 
# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf	
# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf	

------------ On Ubuntu ------------
$ sudo vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf				

Fara da ayyana sigogin duniya waɗanda suka zama gama gari ga duk cibiyoyin sadarwa masu goyan baya, a saman fayil ɗin. Za su yi amfani da duk sanarwar:

option domain-name "tecmint.lan";
option domain-name-servers ns1.tecmint.lan, ns2.tecmint.lan;
default-lease-time 3600; 
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;

Na gaba, kuna buƙatar ayyana ƙaramin hanyar sadarwa don subnet na ciki watau 192.168.1.0/24 kamar yadda aka nuna.

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        option routers                  192.168.1.1;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;
        option domain-search            "tecmint.lan";
        option domain-name-servers      192.168.1.1;
        range   192.168.10.10   192.168.10.100;
        range   192.168.10.110   192.168.10.200;
}

Lura cewa runduna waɗanda ke buƙatar zaɓuɓɓukan daidaitawa na musamman za a iya jera su a cikin bayanan rundunar (duba shafin mutum dhcpd.conf).

Yanzu da kun saita daemon uwar garken DHCP ɗin ku, kuna buƙatar fara sabis ɗin na ɗan lokaci kuma ku ba shi damar farawa ta atomatik daga boot ɗin tsarin na gaba, kuma bincika idan yana aiki yana aiki ta amfani da bin umarni.

------------ On CentOS ------------ 
# systemctl start dhcpd
# systemctl enable dhcpd
# systemctl enable dhcpd

------------ On Ubuntu ------------
$ sudo systemctl start isc-dhcp-server
$ sudo systemctl enable isc-dhcp-server
$ sudo systemctl enable isc-dhcp-server

Na gaba, ba da izinin buƙatun zuwa DHCP daemon akan Firewall, wanda ke sauraron tashar jiragen ruwa 67/UDP, ta hanyar gudu.

------------ On CentOS ------------ 
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=dhcp
# firewall-cmd --reload 

#------------ On Ubuntu ------------
$ sudo ufw allow 67/udp
$ sudo ufw reload

Yana daidaita Abokan Ciniki na DHCP

A ƙarshe, kuna buƙatar gwada idan uwar garken DHCP yana aiki lafiya. Shiga cikin ƴan injunan abokin ciniki akan hanyar sadarwar kuma saita su don karɓar adiresoshin IP ta atomatik daga sabar.

Gyara fayil ɗin sanyi da ya dace don dubawa wanda abokan ciniki za su karɓi adiresoshin IP ta atomatik.

A kan CentOS, fayilolin saiti na dubawa suna ci a /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/.

# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

Ƙara zaɓuɓɓukan da ke ƙasa:

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma sake kunna sabis na cibiyar sadarwa (ko sake yin tsarin).

# systemctl restart network

A kan Ubuntu 16.04, zaku iya saita duk dubawa a cikin fayil ɗin daidaitawa /etc/network/interfaces.

   
$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

Ƙara waɗannan layukan a ciki:

auto  eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma sake kunna sabis na cibiyar sadarwa (ko sake yin tsarin).

$ sudo systemctl restart networking

A kan Ubuntu 18.04, tsarin sadarwar Netplan ne ke sarrafa shi. Kuna buƙatar shirya fayil ɗin da ya dace a ƙarƙashin directory /etc/netplan/, misali.

$ sudo vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 

Sannan kunna dhcp4 a ƙarƙashin takamaiman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai misali ƙarƙashin ethernets, ens0, da yin tsokaci game da saitunan IP masu alaƙa:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens0:
      dhcp4: yes

Ajiye canje-canje kuma gudanar da umarni mai zuwa don aiwatar da canje-canje.

$ sudo netplan apply 

Don ƙarin bayani, duba dhcpd da dhcpd.conf man shafukan.

$ man dhcpd
$ man dhcpd.conf

A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana yadda ake saita uwar garken DHCP a cikin CentOS da Ubuntu Linux rabawa. Idan kuna buƙatar ƙarin bayani akan kowane batu, kuna iya yin tambaya ta hanyar hanyar amsawa a ƙasa, ko kawai raba ra'ayoyinku tare da mu.