Yadda ake Amfani da fsck don Gyara Kurakurai na Tsarin Fayil a cikin Linux


Tsarin fayiloli ne ke da alhakin tsara yadda ake adana bayanai da kuma dawo dasu. Wata hanya ko wata, tare da lokaci, tsarin fayil na iya zama gurɓatacce kuma wasu sassa na sa bazai iya isa ba. Idan tsarin fayil ɗinku ya haɓaka irin wannan rashin daidaituwa ana bada shawara don tabbatar da amincin sa.

Ana iya kammala wannan ta hanyar amfani da tsarin da ake kira fsck (duba tsarin tsarin fayil). Ana iya yin wannan rajistan ta atomatik yayin lokacin taya ko gudu da hannu.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu sake nazarin fsck utility da kuma amfani da shi don taimaka maka gyara kurakurai faifai.

Akwai yanayi daban-daban lokacin da kuke son gudanar da fsck. Ga ‘yan misalai:

  • Tsarin ya kasa yin boot.
  • Faylolin da ke kan tsarin sun lalace (yawanci ana iya ganin kuskuren shigarwa/fitarwa).
  • Tsarin da aka haɗe (ciki har da faifan diski/katin SD) baya aiki kamar yadda aka zata.

Umurnin Fsck yana buƙatar gudana tare da gata na masu amfani ko tushen. Kuna iya amfani da shi tare da muhawara daban-daban. Amfanin su ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin ku. A ƙasa za ku ga wasu zaɓuɓɓuka masu mahimmanci:

    • -A - Ana amfani dashi don duba duk tsarin fayil. Ana ɗaukar lissafin daga /etc/fstab.
    • -C - Nuna sandar ci gaba.
    • -l - Yana kulle na'urar don ba da garantin cewa babu wani shirin da zai yi ƙoƙarin amfani da ɓangaren yayin rajistan.
    • -M - Kar a duba tsarin fayilolin da aka ɗora.
    • -N - Nuna kawai abin da za a yi - babu ainihin canje-canje da aka yi.
    • -P - Idan kuna son bincika tsarin fayil a layi daya, gami da tushen.
    • -R - Kar a bincika tsarin fayil ɗin tushen. Wannan yana da amfani kawai tare da '-A'.
    • -r - Samar da ƙididdiga ga kowace na'urar da ake dubawa.
    • -T - Baya nuna take.
    • -t - Keɓance takamaiman nau'ikan tsarin fayil ɗin da za'a bincika. Nau'in za a iya raba jerin waƙafi.
    • -V - Ba da bayanin abin da ake yi.

    Yadda ake Gudun fsck don Gyara Kurakurai na Fayil na Linux

    Domin gudanar da fsck, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren da za ku bincika ba a sanya shi ba. Don manufar wannan labarin, zan yi amfani da drive dina ta biyu /dev/sdb da aka saka a cikin /mnt.

    Ga abin da zai faru idan na yi ƙoƙarin gudu fsck lokacin da aka ɗora ɓangaren.

    # fsck /dev/sdb
    

    Don kauce wa wannan, cire bangare ta amfani da.

    # umount /dev/sdb
    

    Sa'an nan kuma fsck za a iya gudu da shi lafiya.

    # fsck /dev/sdb
    

    Bayan kunna fsck, zai dawo da lambar fita. Ana iya ganin waɗannan lambobin a cikin littafin fsck ta hanyar gudu:

    # man fsck
    
    0      No errors
    1      Filesystem errors corrected
    2      System should be rebooted
    4      Filesystem errors left uncorrected
    8      Operational error
    16     Usage or syntax error
    32     Checking canceled by user request
    128    Shared-library error            
    

    Wani lokaci ana iya samun kuskure fiye da ɗaya akan tsarin fayil. A irin waɗannan lokuta kuna iya son fsck yayi ƙoƙarin gyara kurakurai ta atomatik. Ana iya yin wannan tare da:

    # fsck -y /dev/sdb
    

    Tutar -y, kai tsaye \e zuwa kowane tsokaci daga fsck don gyara kuskure.

    Hakanan, zaku iya gudanar da iri ɗaya akan duk tsarin fayil (ba tare da tushen ba):

    $ fsck -AR -y 
    

    Yadda ake Gudun fsck akan Tushen Tushen Linux

    A wasu lokuta, kuna iya buƙatar kunna fsck akan tushen ɓangaren tsarin ku. Tun da ba za ku iya gudanar da fsck ba yayin da aka ɗora ɓangaren, kuna iya gwada ɗayan waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:

    • Force fsck kan tsarin boot
    • Gudun fsck a yanayin ceto

    Za mu sake nazarin yanayin biyu.

    Wannan yana da sauƙi don kammalawa, kawai abin da kuke buƙatar yi shine ƙirƙirar fayil mai suna forcefsck a cikin tushen ɓangaren tsarin ku. Yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa:

    # touch /forcefsck
    

    Sa'an nan za ku iya kawai tilasta ko tsara tsarin sake yi na tsarin ku. A lokacin bootup na gaba, za a yi fsck. Idan downtime yana da mahimmanci, ana bada shawara don tsara wannan a hankali, tunda idan akwai inodes da yawa da aka yi amfani da su akan tsarin ku, fsck na iya ɗaukar ɗan ƙarin lokaci.

    Bayan tsarin boot ɗin ku, bincika idan har yanzu fayil ɗin yana nan:

    # ls /forcefsck
    

    Idan ya yi, kuna iya cire shi don guje wa fsck akan kowane tsarin boot.

    Gudun fsck a yanayin ceto yana buƙatar ƙarin matakai kaɗan. Da farko shirya tsarin ku don sake yi. Dakatar da duk wani muhimmin sabis kamar MySQL/MariaDB da sauransu sannan a buga.

    # reboot
    

    Yayin taya, riƙe maɓallin shift don a nuna menu na grub. Zaɓi Zaɓuɓɓukan Babba.

    Sannan zaɓi Yanayin farfadowa.

    A cikin menu na gaba zaɓi \fsck.

    Za a tambaye ku idan kuna son a sake saka tsarin fayil ɗin /. Zaɓi \e .

    Ya kamata ku ga wani abu makamancin wannan.

    Hakanan zaka iya ci gaba zuwa taya ta al'ada, ta zaɓin Resume.

    A cikin wannan koyawa kun koyi yadda ake amfani da fsck da gudanar da bincike na daidaito akan tsarin fayilolin Linux daban-daban. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da fsck, don Allah kar ku yi shakka a gabatar da su a cikin sashin sharhin da ke ƙasa.