networkctl - Tambaya Matsayin Hanyoyin Sadarwar Yanar Gizo a cikin Linux


Networkctl shine mai amfani da layin umarni don duba taƙaitaccen na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa da matsayin haɗin su. Yana ba ku damar yin tambaya da sarrafa tsarin tsarin sadarwar Linux. Yana ɗayan sabbin umarni a cikin sabon sakin systemd wanda ke cikin Ubuntu 18.04. Yana nuna yanayin hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo kamar yadda ake gani ta hanyar tsarin sadarwa na systemd.

Lura: Kafin gudanar da networkctl, tabbatar da cewa systemd-networkd yana gudana, in ba haka ba zaku sami fitowar da ba ta cika ba ta hanyar kuskure mai zuwa.

WARNING: systemd-networkd is not running, output will be incomplete.

Kuna iya duba matsayin systemd-networkd ta hanyar gudanar da umarnin systemctl mai zuwa.

$ sudo systemctl status systemd-networkd

 systemd-networkd.service - Network Service
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-07-31 11:38:52 IST; 1s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-networkd.service(8)
 Main PID: 13682 (systemd-network)
   Status: "Processing requests..."
   CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-networkd.service
           └─13682 /lib/systemd/systemd-networkd

Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd[1]: Starting Network Service...
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd-networkd[13682]: vmnet8: Gained IPv6LL
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd-networkd[13682]: vmnet1: Gained IPv6LL
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd-networkd[13682]: enp1s0: Gained IPv6LL
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd-networkd[13682]: Enumeration completed
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd[1]: Started Network Service.

Idan systemd-networkd baya aiki, zaku iya farawa kuma kunna shi don farawa a lokacin taya ta amfani da bin umarni.

$ sudo systemctl start systemd-networkd
$ sudo systemctlenable systemd-networkd

Don samun bayanin matsayi game da hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon ku, gudanar da umarnin networkctl mai zuwa ba tare da wata gardama ba.

$ networkctl

IDX LINK             TYPE               OPERATIONAL SETUP     
  1 lo               loopback           carrier     unmanaged 
  2 enp1s0           ether              routable    unmanaged 
  3 wlp2s0           wlan               off         unmanaged 
  4 vmnet1           ether              routable    unmanaged 
  5 vmnet8           ether              routable    unmanaged 

5 links listed.

Don nuna duk hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo da matsayinsu, yi amfani da tutar -a.

$ networkctl -a

IDX LINK             TYPE               OPERATIONAL SETUP     
  1 lo               loopback           carrier     unmanaged 
  2 enp1s0           ether              routable    unmanaged 
  3 wlp2s0           wlan               off         unmanaged 
  4 vmnet1           ether              routable    unmanaged 
  5 vmnet8           ether              routable    unmanaged 

5 links listed.

Don samun jerin hanyoyin haɗin da ke akwai da matsayinsu, yi amfani da umarnin lissafin (daidai da amfani da tutar -a) kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ networkctl list

IDX LINK             TYPE               OPERATIONAL SETUP     
  1 lo               loopback           carrier     unmanaged 
  2 enp1s0           ether              routable    unmanaged 
  3 wlp2s0           wlan               off         unmanaged 
  4 vmnet1           ether              routable    unmanaged 
  5 vmnet8           ether              routable    unmanaged 

5 links listed.

Don nuna bayanai game da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, kamar nau'in, jiha, direban kernel module, hardware da adireshin IP, saita DNS, uwar garken da ƙari, yi amfani da umarnin matsayi. Idan ba ku ƙididdige wasu hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa ba, ana nuna hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo ta tsohuwa.

$ networkctl status 

        State: routable
       Address: 192.168.0.103 on enp1s0
                172.16.236.1 on vmnet1
                192.168.167.1 on vmnet8
                fe80::8f0c:7825:8057:5eec on enp1s0
                fe80::250:56ff:fec0:1 on vmnet1
                fe80::250:56ff:fec0:8 on vmnet8
       Gateway: 192.168.0.1 (TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.) on enp1s0

KO

$ networkctl status enp1s0

 2: enp1s0
       Link File: /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
    Network File: n/a
            Type: ether
           State: routable (unmanaged)
            Path: pci-0000:01:00.0
          Driver: r8169
          Vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
           Model: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
      HW Address: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98 (LCFC(HeFei) Electronics Technology Co., Ltd.)
         Address: 192.168.0.103
                  fe80::8f0c:7825:8057:5eec
         Gateway: 192.168.0.1 (TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.)

Don nuna matsayin LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol), yi amfani da umarnin lldp.

$ networkctl lldp

Ta hanyar tsoho, ana fitar da fitarwa na networkctl zuwa cikin pager, zaku iya hana wannan ta ƙara alamar -no-pager.

$ networkctl --no-pager

Hakanan zaka iya buga fitarwa ba tare da masu kai shafi ba da ƙafa ta amfani da zaɓin --no-legend.

$ networkctl --no-legend

Don duba saƙon taimako, yi amfani da alamar -h ko duba shafin mutumin don ƙarin bayani.

$ networkctl -h
OR
$ man networkctl 

Hakanan zaku sami jagororin sadarwar Linux masu zuwa masu amfani:

  1. nload - Kula da Amfani da Bandwidth na hanyar sadarwa na Linux a cikin Ainihin Lokaci
  2. 10 Amfanin \IP Umarni don Sanya Mutuwar hanyar sadarwa
  3. 15 Yana da amfani \ifconfig Umurni don saita Interface a Linux
  4. 12 Umarnin Tcpdump - Kayan aikin Sniffer Network

Shi ke nan! A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana yadda ake amfani da umarnin networkctl don duba taƙaitaccen na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa da ke haɗe da tsarin Linux. Yi amfani da fam ɗin martanin da ke ƙasa don raba tunaninku ko yin kowace tambaya.