Yadda ake Sanyawa da Sarrafa Injinan Kaya da Kwantena

Haɓakawa da kwantena sune batutuwa masu zafi a masana'antar IT ta yau. A cikin wannan labarin za mu lissafa kayan aikin da ake buƙata don sarrafawa da daidaita su duka a cikin tsarin Linux.

Shekaru da yawa, haɓakawa ya taimaka wa ƙwararrun IT don rage farashin aiki da haɓaka tanadin makamashi. Na'ura mai kama (ko VM a takaice) tsarin kwamfuta ne da aka kwaikwayi wanda ke gudana a saman wani tsarin da aka sani da masauki.

VMs suna da iyakataccen dama ga albarkatun kayan masarufi (CPU, ƙwaƙwalwa, ajiya, musaya na cibiyar sadarwa, na'urorin USB, da sauransu). Ana kiran tsarin aiki da ke aiki akan na'urar kama-da-wane a matsayin tsarin aiki na baƙo.

Kafin mu ci gaba, muna buƙatar bincika idan an kunna haɓaka haɓakawa akan CPU(s). Don yin hakan, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa, inda vmx da svm sune tutocin haɓakawa akan na'urori na Intel da AMD, bi da bi:

# grep --color -E 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo

Babu fitarwa yana nufin kari ko dai babu ko ba a kunna su a cikin BIOS. Yayin da zaku iya ci gaba ba tare da su ba, aikin zai yi mummunan tasiri.

Don farawa, bari mu shigar da kayan aikin da ake bukata. A cikin CentOS kuna buƙatar fakiti masu zuwa:

# yum install qemu-kvm libvirt libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer

a cikin Ubuntu:

$ sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm qemu virt-manager virt-viewer libvirt-bin libvirt-dev

Na gaba, za mu sauke fayil ɗin CentOS 7 mafi ƙarancin ISO don amfani daga baya:

# wget http://mirror.clarkson.edu/centos/7/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso

A wannan lokacin muna shirye don ƙirƙirar injin mu na farko tare da cikakkun bayanai masu zuwa:

  • RAM: 512 MB (Lura cewa mai watsa shiri dole ne ya sami aƙalla 1024 MB)
  • 1 Virtual CPU
  • 8 GB disk
  • Sunan: centos7vm

# virt-install --name=centos7vm --ram=1024 --vcpus=1 --cdrom=/home/user/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --network type=direct,source=eth0 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7vm.dsk,size=8

Dangane da albarkatun ƙididdiga da ke akwai akan mai watsa shiri, umarnin da ke sama na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci don kawo mai kallon gani. Wannan kayan aikin zai ba ku damar aiwatar da shigarwa kamar kuna yin ta akan injin ƙarfe mara ƙarfi.

Bayan kun ƙirƙiri na'ura mai kama-da-wane, ga wasu umarni da zaku iya amfani da su don sarrafa ta:

Jerin duk VMs:

# virsh --list all

Nemo bayani game da VM (centos7vm a wannan yanayin):

# virsh dominfo centos7vm

Shirya saitunan centos7vm a cikin tsoffin editan rubutun ku:

# virsh edit centos7vm

Kunna ko kashe autostart don samun boot ɗin injin kama-da-wane (ko a'a) lokacin da mai watsa shiri yayi:

# virsh autostart centos7vm
# virsh autostart --disable centos7vm

Tsaya centos7vm:

# virsh shutdown centos7vm

Da zarar an dakatar da shi, zaku iya haɗa shi cikin sabon injin kama-da-wane mai suna centos7vm2:

# virt-clone --original centos7vm --auto-clone --name centos7vm2

Kuma shi ke nan. Daga wannan gaba, ƙila za ku so ku koma ga virt-install, virsh, da virt-clone man shafukan don ƙarin bayani.