Yadda ake Sarrafa/sauransu tare da Sarrafa Sigar Amfani Etckeeper akan Linux

A cikin tsarin kundin adireshi na Unix/Linux, /da sauransu shugabanci shine inda aka keɓance takamaiman tsarin manyan fayiloli da kundin adireshi; wuri ne na tsakiya don duk fayilolin daidaita tsarin. Fayil ɗin sanyi fayil ne na gida wanda aka yi amfani dashi don sarrafa yadda shirye-shiryen ke aiki - dole ne ya zama tsaye kuma bazai iya zama mai binary ba.

Don ci gaba da lura da canje-canje ga fayilolin sanyi na tsarin, masu gudanar da tsarin a kullum suna yin kwafi (ko madadin) na fayilolin sanyi kafin gyaggyara su. Wannan hanyar idan sun canza ainihin fayil ɗin kai tsaye kuma sunyi kuskure, zasu iya komawa zuwa ajiyayyen kwafin.

Etckeeper abu ne mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin amfani, mai daidaituwa da daidaitaccen kayan aikin kayan aiki don barin /sauransu ta amfani da sarrafa sigar. Yana ba ka damar adana canje-canje a cikin kundin adireshin /etc a cikin tsarin sarrafa sigar (VCS) kamar su git (wanda shi ne VCS da aka fi so), mercurial, bazaar ko matattarar darcs. Don haka ba ku damar amfani da git don yin bita ko juya canje-canjen da aka yi wa /sauransu , idan akwai kuskure.

Sauran abubuwansa sune:

  1. yana tallafawa haɗin kai tare da masu sarrafa kunshin gaba na ƙarshe ciki har da Zypper da pacman-g2 don ƙaddamar da canje-canje ta atomatik da aka yi wa /da dai sauransu yayin haɓaka ƙirar.
  2. yana bin matakan metadata na fayil (kamar izini na fayil) wanda git baya yawanci tallafawa, amma wannan yana da mahimmanci ga /sauransu , kuma
  3. ya haɗa da duka aikin cron da mai tsara lokaci, wanda kowannensu na iya yin canje-canje na fita zuwa /etc sau ɗaya a rana.

Yadda ake Shigar Etckeeper a cikin Linux

Akwai Etckeeper a cikin Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, da sauran rarraba Linux. Don shigar da shi, yi amfani da tsoffin manajan kunshin kamar yadda aka nuna. Lura cewa wannan umarnin zai kuma girka git da wasu packan fakiti a matsayin masu dogaro.

$ sudo apt-get install etckeeper	#Ubuntu and Debian
# apt-get install etckeeper		#Debian as root user
# dnf install etckeeper			#Fedora 22+
$ sudo zypper install etckeeper	        #OpenSUSE 15

A kan rarraba Linux irin su RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), CentOS da sauransu, kana buƙatar ƙara wurin ajiyar EPEL kafin shigar da shi kamar yadda aka nuna.

# yum install epel-release
# yum install etckeeper

Saitin Etckeeper a cikin Linux

Da zarar ka sanya etckeeper kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, kana buƙatar saita yadda zata yi aiki kuma babban fayil dinta shine /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf. Don buɗe shi don gyara, yi amfani da kowane editan da aka fi so da rubutu kamar yadda aka nuna.

# vim /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
OR
$ sudo nano /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf

Fayil ɗin ya ƙunshi zaɓuɓɓukan sanyi da yawa (kowannensu yana da ƙaramin, bayyananniyar bayanin amfani) wanda zai ba ku damar saita tsarin sarrafa sigar (VCS) don amfani da shi, wuce zaɓuɓɓuka zuwa VSC; don kunna ko kashe mai ƙidayar lokaci, kunna ko kashe faɗakarwar fayil na musamman, kunna ko kashe aikin mai kiyayewa daga aiwatar da canje-canjen data kasance zuwa /etc kafin girkawa.

Hakanan, zaku iya saita ƙarshen-gaba ko mai sarrafa kunshin-matakin mafi girma (kamar rpm da dai sauransu) don aiki tare da mai kulawa da sauransu.

Idan kayi wasu canje-canje a cikin fayil ɗin, adana shi kuma rufe fayil ɗin.

Alizingaddamar da Ma'ajin Git da Commitaddamar da Aiki na farko

Yanzu tunda kun saita etckeeper, kuna buƙatar fara ajiyar Git don fara bin kowane canje-canje a cikin adireshinku na /etc kamar haka. Kuna iya gudanar da kayan aiki tare da izinin izini, in ba haka ba amfani da sudo.

$ cd 
$ sudo etckeeper init

Na gaba, mataki don mai kiyayewa don iya aiki ta atomatik, kuna buƙatar gudanar da ƙaddamarwa ta farko don fara bin diddigin canje-canje a cikin /etc , kamar haka.

$ sudo etckeeper commit "first commit"

Bayan gudanar da aikinku na farko, mai kulawa ta hanyar git yanzu yana bin duk wani canje-canje a cikin /sauransu shugabanci. Yanzu gwada yin kowane canje-canje a cikin kowane fayilolin sanyi.

Bayan haka aiwatar da wannan umarni don nuna fayilolin da suka canza tun lokacin aikatawar ƙarshe; wannan umarnin da gaske yana nuna canje-canje a cikin /etc ba a tsara su don aikatawa ba, inda VCS ke nufin git da\"matsayi" shine umarnin subit git.

$ sudo etckeeper vcs status

Sannan aikata canje-canje na kwanan nan kamar haka.

$ sudo etckeeper commit "changed hosts and phpmyadmin config files"

Don duba duk ayyukan da aka aikata (kowannensu yayi id da sharhi), zaku iya aiwatar da wannan umarni.

$ sudo etckeeper vcs log

Hakanan zaka iya nuna cikakkun bayanai game da aikatawa, kawai saka ID na aikata (ƙananan haruffa na farko zasu iya aiki) kamar yadda aka nuna.:

$ sudo etckeeper vcs show a153b68479d0c440cc42c228cbbb6984095f322d
OR
$ sudo etckeeper vcs show a153b6847

Bayan haka, zaku iya duba banbanci tsakanin aikatawa biyu kamar yadda aka nuna. Wannan yana da amfani musamman idan kanaso ka soke canje-canje kamar yadda aka nuna a sashe na gaba. Kuna iya amfani da maɓallin kibiya don gungurawa sama da ƙasa ko hagu da dama, kuma ku daina ta latsa q .

$ sudo etckeeper vcs show 704cc56 a153b6847

Jigon mai kiyayewa shine ya taimaka maka waƙa da canje-canje a cikin adireshin /sauransu kuma juya canje-canje a inda ya cancanta. Da a ce kun fahimci cewa kun yi wasu kurakurai a cikin /etc/nginx/nginx.conf lokacin da kuka sake shirya shi na ƙarshe kuma sabis na Nginx ba za a iya sake farawa ba saboda kurakurai a cikin tsarin daidaitawa, kuna iya komawa zuwa ajiyayyun kwafin a cikin takamaiman aikata (misali 704cc56) inda kake tsammanin daidaitawar tayi daidai kamar haka.

$ sudo etckeeper vcs checkout 704cc56 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

A madadin, zaku iya soke duk canje-canje kuma ku koma zuwa sifofin duk fayiloli a ƙarƙashin /sauransu (da ƙananan kundin adireshi) waɗanda aka adana a cikin takamaiman aikin.

$ sudo etckeeper vcs checkout 704cc56

Yadda Ake Amfani da Canje-canje don Aikata Kai tsaye

Etckeeper shima yana jigilar kaya tare da sabis da unitsan lokaci don Systemd, an haɗa su cikin kunshin. Don ƙaddamar da\"Autocommit" na canje-canje a cikin /etc shugabanci, kawai fara etckeeper.timer na yanzu kuma bincika ko yana sama da aiki, kamar haka.

$ sudo systemctl start etckeeper.timer
$ sudo systemctl status etckeeper.timer

Kuma ba shi damar farawa ta atomatik a tsarin boot kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo systemctl enable etckeeper.timer

Don ƙarin bayani, duba Shafin Aikin Etckeeper: https://etckeeper.branchable.com/.

A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda ake girka da amfani da mai amfani da sauransu don canje-canjen shagon a cikin /etc a cikin tsarin sarrafa sigar (VCS) kamar git da sake dubawa ko juya canje-canjen da aka yi wa /sauransu , inda ya cancanta. Raba ra'ayoyinku ko yin tambayoyi game da mai kulawa da su ta hanyar fom ɗin da ke ƙasa.