Yadda ake jera Dukkan Ayyuka Masu Gudanarwa Karkashin Systemd a cikin Linux


Tsarin Linux yana ba da sabis iri-iri iri-iri (kamar shiga nesa, imel, firintiri, gidan yanar gizon, adana bayanai, canja wurin fayil, ƙudurin sunan yanki (ta amfani da DNS), ƙaddamar da adireshin IP mai ƙarfi (ta amfani da DHCP), da ƙari mai yawa. ).

Ta hanyar fasaha, sabis tsari ne ko rukuni na tsari (wanda aka fi sani da daemons) yana ci gaba da gudana a bango, yana jiran buƙatun su shigo (musamman daga abokan ciniki).

Linux yana goyan bayan hanyoyi daban-daban don gudanarwa (farawa, dakatarwa, sake kunnawa, kunna farawa ta atomatik a tsarin boot, da sauransu), yawanci ta hanyar tsari ko manajan sabis. Mafi yawa idan ba duk abubuwan rarraba Linux na zamani bane yanzu suna amfani da mai sarrafa tsari iri ɗaya: systemd.

Systemd tsari ne da manajan sabis na Linux; maye gurbin saukarwa don tsarin init, wanda ya dace da rubutun SysV da LSB kuma umarnin systemctl shine kayan aiki na farko don sarrafa tsarin.

A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu nuna yadda za mu lissafa duk ayyukan da ke gudana ƙarƙashin tsarin Linux.

Jerin Ayyuka masu gudana A ƙarƙashin SystemD a cikin Linux

Lokacin da kake gudanar da tsarin systemctl ba tare da wata hujja ba, zai nuna jerin duk rukunin tsarin da aka loda (karanta takaddun tsarin don ƙarin bayani game da sassan tsarin) gami da sabis, nuna matsayin su (ko suna aiki ko basa aiki).

# systemctl 

Don lissafa duk ayyukan da aka ɗora a kan tsarin ku (ko suna aiki; suna gudana, suna fita ko sun gaza, yi amfani da jerin rukunin jerin-umarni da --type tare da darajar sabis.

# systemctl list-units --type=service
OR
# systemctl --type=service

Kuma don lissafa duk ayyukan da aka ɗora amma aiki, duka masu gudana da waɗanda suka fita, zaka iya ƙara zaɓi --state tare da ƙimar aiki, kamar haka.

# systemctl list-units --type=service --state=active
OR
# systemctl --type=service --state=active

Amma don samun saurin kallo na dukkan ayyukan da ke gudana (watau dukkan ayyukan da aka ɗora da aiki), gudanar da wannan umarnin.

# systemctl list-units --type=service --state=running 
OR
# systemctl --type=service --state=running

Idan kuna yawan amfani da umarnin da ya gabata, zaku iya ƙirƙirar umarnin laƙabi a cikin fayil ɗin ~/.bashrc ɗinku kamar yadda aka nuna, don kiran sa a sauƙaƙe.

# vim ~/.bashrc

Sannan a kara layi mai zuwa a karkashin jerin sunayen laƙabi kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton hoton.

alias running_services='systemctl list-units  --type=service  --state=running'

Adana canje-canje a cikin fayil ɗin kuma rufe shi. Kuma daga yanzu zuwa gaba, yi amfani da umarnin\"run_services" don duba jerin duk abubuwan da aka ɗora, suna gudanar da ayyuka a kan sabarku.

# running_services	#use the Tab completion 

Bayan haka, muhimmin al'amari na ayyuka shine tashar da suke amfani da ita. Don ƙayyade tashar tashar daemon da ake sauraro, zaka iya amfani da netstat ko kayan aikin ss kamar yadda aka nuna.

Inda tuta -l na nufin buga dukkan kwandunan sauraro, -t yana nuna duk haɗin TCP, -u yana nuna duk haɗin UDP, - n na nufin buga lambobin tashar lamba (maimakon sunayen aikace-aikace) kuma -p na nufin nuna sunan aikace-aikace.

# netstat -ltup | grep zabbix_agentd
OR
# ss -ltup | grep zabbix_agentd

Shafi na biyar yana nuna soket: Adireshin Gida: Port. A wannan yanayin, aikin zabbix_agentd yana sauraron tashar jiragen ruwa ta 10050.

Hakanan, idan sabarku tana da sabis na bango wanda yake gudana, wanda ke sarrafa yadda za a toshe ko ba da izinin zirga-zirga zuwa ko daga zaɓaɓɓun sabis ko tashar jiragen ruwa, za ku iya lissafa ayyuka ko tashoshin da aka buɗe a cikin Firewall, ta amfani da umarnin ufw (ya dogara da Linux Rarrabawa da kuke amfani da su) kamar yadda aka nuna.

# firewall-cmd --list-services   [FirewallD]
# firewall-cmd --list-ports

$ sudo ufw status     [UFW Firewall]

Wannan kenan a yanzu! A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda za a duba ayyuka masu gudana a ƙarƙashin tsarin cikin Linux. Mun kuma rufe yadda za a bincika tashar jiragen ruwa da sabis ke sauraro da kuma yadda za a duba ayyuka ko tashoshin da aka buɗe a cikin bangon tsarin. Shin kuna da wasu tarawa da za ku yi ko tambayoyi? Idan haka ne, ku isa gare mu ta amfani da fom ɗin sharhi da ke ƙasa.