Yadda ake Aiki tare da Lokaci tare da NTP a cikin Linux


Ka'idar Time Protocol (NTP) yarjejeniya ce da ake amfani da ita don daidaita agogon tsarin kwamfuta ta atomatik akan cibiyoyin sadarwa. Na'ura na iya samun agogon tsarin amfani da Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) maimakon lokacin gida.

Tsayar da ingantaccen lokaci akan tsarin Linux musamman sabobin aiki ne mai mahimmanci saboda dalilai da yawa. Misali, a cikin mahalli na hanyar sadarwa, ana buƙatar ingantaccen lokaci don ingantattun tambura a cikin fakiti da rajistan ayyukan don bincike tushen tushen, tantance lokacin da matsaloli suka faru, da gano alaƙa.

Chrony yanzu shine tsohuwar kunshin aiwatarwa na NTP akan sabbin nau'ikan tsarin aiki na Linux kamar CentOS, RHEL, Fedora da Ubuntu/Debian da sauransu kuma ya zo da shi ta tsohuwa. Kunshin ya ƙunshi chronyd, daemon wanda ke gudana a sararin mai amfani, da kuma chronyc shirin layin umarni don sa ido da sarrafa chronyd.

Chrony babban aiwatar da NTP ne kuma yana aiki da kyau a cikin yanayi da yawa (duba kwatancen babban ɗakin kwana zuwa sauran aiwatarwar NTP). Ana iya amfani da shi don daidaita agogon tsarin tare da sabar NTP (aiki azaman abokin ciniki), tare da agogon tunani (misali mai karɓar GPS), ko tare da shigar da lokacin hannu. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da ita azaman uwar garken NTPv4 (RFC 5905) ko takwarorinsa don samar da sabis na lokaci ga wasu kwamfutoci a cikin hanyar sadarwa.

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake daidaita lokacin uwar garken tare da NTP a cikin Linux ta amfani da chrony.

Sanya Chrony a cikin Linux Server

A yawancin tsarin Linux, ba a shigar da umarnin da aka yi ta tsohuwa ba. Don shigar da shi, aiwatar da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

$ sudo apt-get install chrony    [On Debian/Ubuntu]
$ sudo yum  install chrony       [On CentOS/RHEL]
$ sudo dnf install chrony        [On Fedora 22+]

Da zarar an gama shigarwa, fara sabis ɗin na yau da kullun kuma kunna shi don farawa ta atomatik a boot ɗin tsarin, sannan duba idan yana aiki kuma yana gudana.

# systemctl enable --now chronyd
# systemctl status chronyd

Don bincika idan chrony ya tashi kuma yana aiki lafiya kuma don ganin adadin sabar da takwarorinsu da ke da alaƙa da shi, gudanar da umarnin chronyc mai zuwa.

# chronyc activity

Duba Aiki tare na Chrony

Don nuna bayanai (jerin sabar da ake da su, matsayi, da kashewa daga agogon gida da tushen) game da tushen lokacin da chronyd ke shiga, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa tare da alamar -v yana nuna bayanin. ga kowane shafi.

# chronyc sources
OR
# chronyc sources -v

Game da umarnin da ya gabata, don nuna wasu bayanai masu fa'ida ga kowane tushen da chronyd ke bincika a halin yanzu (kamar ɗimbin raɗaɗi da tsarin kimantawa), yi amfani da umarnin tushe.

# chronyc sourcestats
OR
# chronyc sourcestats -v

Don bincika bin diddigin lokaci, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# chronyc tracking

A cikin fitowar wannan umarni, ID ɗin tunani yana ƙayyade sunan (ko adireshin IP) idan akwai, na uwar garken da kwamfutar ke aiki tare a halin yanzu, daga cikin duk sabar da ake da su.

Yana Haɓaka Tushen Lokaci Na Zamani

Babban fayil ɗin sanyi na zamani yana nan a /etc/chrony.conf (CentOS/RHEL/Fedora) ko /etc/chrony/chrony.conf (Ubuntu/Debian).

Lokacin shigar da Linux OS a cikin gajimare, tsarin ku yakamata ya sami wasu tsoffin sabobin ko kuma an ƙara sabar sabar yayin aiwatar da shigarwa. Don ƙara ko canza tsoffin sabobin, buɗe fayil ɗin configurationion don gyarawa:

# vim /etc/chrony.conf
OR
# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf

Kuna iya ƙara sabar da yawa ta amfani da umarnin uwar garken kamar yadda aka nuna.

server 0.europe.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.europe.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.europe.pool.ntp.org ibusrt
server 3.europe.pool.ntp.org ibusrt

ko kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ntppool.org don nemo sabar NTP. Wannan yana bawa tsarin damar ƙoƙarin nemo muku sabobin da ke kusa da ku. Don ƙara tafki, yi amfani da umarnin tafkin:

pool 0.pool.ntp.org burst

Akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa da zaku iya saitawa a cikin fayil ɗin. Bayan yin canje-canje, sake kunna sabis na wucin gadi.

$ sudo systemctl restart chrony		
OR
# systemctl restart chronyd

Don nuna bayanai game da tushen lokaci na yanzu da chronyd ke nema, sake gudanar da umarni mai zuwa sau ɗaya.

# chronyc sources

Don duba halin sa ido na yau da kullun, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# chronyc tracking

Don nuna lokacin yanzu akan tsarin ku, bincika ko agogon tsarin yana aiki tare kuma ko NTP da gaske yana aiki, gudanar da umarnin timedatectl:

# timedatectl

Wannan ya kawo mu ƙarshen wannan jagorar. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, ku same mu ta sashin sharhin da ke ƙasa. Don ƙarin bayani, duba: amfani da chrony don saita NTP daga shafin yanar gizon Ubuntu.