Misalai na Dokar 5 don Linux Newbies

umarnin stat shine mai amfani mai amfani don duba fayil ko matsayin tsarin fayil. Yana dawo da bayanai kamar nau'in fayil; haƙƙin samun dama a cikin octal da ɗan adam-ana iya karantawa; gyare-gyaren bayanai na ƙarshe, canjin matsayi na ƙarshe a cikin duka-mai iya karantawa da kuma cikin daƙiƙa tun Epoch, da ƙari mai yawa.

Yana da zaɓi don ƙayyade tsarin al'ada maimakon tsoho, don nuna bayanai. A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu dubi misalan umarni na ƙididdiga guda biyar don sababbin sababbin Linux.

Duba Matsayin Fayil na Linux

1. Hanya mafi sauƙi don amfani da ƙididdiga ita ce samar da shi fayil azaman hujja. Umurnin da ke biyowa zai nuna girman, tubalan, tubalan IO, nau'in fayil, ƙimar inode, adadin hanyoyin haɗi da ƙarin bayani game da fayil/var/log/syslog, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton:

$ stat /var/log/syslog

File: '/var/log/syslog'
  Size: 26572     	Blocks: 56         IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 80ah/2058d	Inode: 8129076     Links: 1
Access: (0640/-rw-r-----)  Uid: (  104/  syslog)   Gid: (    4/     adm)
Access: 2018-04-06 09:42:10.987615337 +0530
Modify: 2018-04-06 11:09:29.756650149 +0530
Change: 2018-04-06 11:09:29.756650149 +0530
 Birth: -

Duba Matsayin Tsarin Fayil

2. A cikin misalin da ya gabata, umarnin ƙididdiga ya ɗauki fayil ɗin shigarwa azaman fayil na al'ada, duk da haka, don nuna matsayin tsarin fayil maimakon matsayin fayil, yi amfani da zaɓin -f.

$ stat -f /var/log/syslog

File: "/var/log/syslog"
    ID: ce97e63d2201c974 Namelen: 255     Type: ext2/ext3
Block size: 4096       Fundamental block size: 4096
Blocks: Total: 84769790   Free: 16012830   Available: 11700997
Inodes: Total: 21544960   Free: 20995459

Hakanan zaka iya samar da kundin adireshi/tsarin fayil azaman hujja kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ stat -f /

File: "/"
    ID: ce97e63d2201c974 Namelen: 255     Type: ext2/ext3
Block size: 4096       Fundamental block size: 4096
Blocks: Total: 84769790   Free: 16056471   Available: 11744638
Inodes: Total: 21544960   Free: 21005263

Kunna Biyan Hanyoyin Alama

3. Tun da Linux yana goyan bayan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa (alama da haɗin kai), wasu fayiloli na iya samun ɗaya ko fiye da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, ko kuma suna iya kasancewa a cikin tsarin fayil.

Don kunna ƙididdiga don bin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, yi amfani da tutar -L kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ stat -L /

 File: '/'
  Size: 4096      	Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   directory
Device: 80ah/2058d	Inode: 2           Links: 25
Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2018-04-09 10:55:55.119150525 +0530
Modify: 2018-02-20 11:15:54.462893167 +0530
Change: 2018-02-20 11:15:54.462893167 +0530
 Birth: -

Yi amfani da Tsarin Musamman Don Nuna Bayani

4. stat kuma yana ba ku damar amfani da wani tsari na musamman ko na al'ada maimakon tsoho. Ana amfani da tutar -c don tantance tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi, yana buga sabon layi bayan kowane amfani da tsarin tsari.

Madadin haka, zaku iya amfani da zaɓin -printf wanda ke ba da damar fassarar juzu'in tserewa jerin kuma yana kashe bugu na sabon layi. Kuna buƙatar amfani da a cikin tsari don buga sabon layi, misali.

# stat --printf='%U\n%G\n%C\n%z\n' /var/log/secure

Ma'anar tsarin tsarin fayilolin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin misalin sama:

%U – sunan mai amfani na mai shi
%G - sunan rukuni na mai shi
%C - SELinux tsaro mahallin kirtani
%z - lokacin canjin matsayi na ƙarshe, wanda mutum zai iya karantawa

5. Anan akwai misalin da ke nuna amfani da tsarin tsarin da aka karɓa don tsarin fayil.

$ stat --printf='%n\n%a\n%b\n' /

Ma'anar tsarin tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin umarnin da ke sama.

%n - yana nuna sunan fayil
%a - buga tubalan kyauta ga wanda ba mai amfani da shi ba
%b - yana fitar da jimillar tubalan bayanai a cikin tsarin fayil

Buga Bayani a cikin Terse Form

6. Za a iya amfani da zaɓi na -t don buga bayanin a cikin nau'i mai mahimmanci.

$ stat -t /var/log/syslog

/var/log/syslog 12760 32 81a0 104 4 80a 8129076 1 0 0 1523251873 1523256421 1523256421 0 4096

A matsayin bayanin kula na ƙarshe, harsashin ku na iya samun nasa sigar ƙididdiga, da fatan za a koma zuwa takaddun harsashin ku don cikakkun bayanai game da zaɓuɓɓukan da yake tallafawa. Don ganin duk jerin abubuwan fitarwa da aka karɓa, koma zuwa shafin mutum na ƙididdiga.

$ man stat

A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana misalan umarni na ƙididdiga guda biyar don sababbin sababbin Linux. Yi amfani da fam ɗin martani na ƙasa don yin kowace tambaya.