Yadda ake Sanya Sigar Fakitin Musamman a cikin CentOS da Ubuntu


Yawancin lokaci, lokacin da kuka shigar da fakiti a cikin CentOS da Ubuntu, software na sarrafa fakitin yana zaɓar sabon sigar fakiti daga ma'ajiyar, ta tsohuwa. Koyaya, wani lokacin, saboda dalili ɗaya ko ɗayan, kuna iya shigar da takamaiman sigar fakiti akan tsarin Linux ɗinku.

A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi bayanin yadda ake shigar da takamaiman ko takamaiman nau'in fakiti a cikin CentOS da Ubuntu ta amfani da manajojin fakitin gaba-gaba na APT, bi da bi.

Sanya Siffar Fakitin Takamaiman a cikin CentOS/RHEL/Fedora

Da farko, kuna buƙatar bincika duk nau'ikan fakitin da ake da su, ko an shigar da su ko a'a. A al'ada, yum yana watsi da takamaiman nau'ikan kunshin kuma koyaushe zai yi ƙoƙarin shigar da sabuwar sigar da ake da ita.

Na biyu, lokacin da kake ƙoƙarin nemo bayanai game da kunshin, yum kawai yana nuna sabon sigar wannan fakitin a cikin fitar da bayanai, jeri ko bincika ƙananan umarni; amma ta amfani da --showduplicates canza, zaku iya nuna duk nau'ikan fakitin da ke cikin ma'ajiyar.

# yum --showduplicates list nginx

Daga fitowar umarni na sama, tsarin suna don fakiti sune:

package_name.architecture  version_number–build_number  repository

Ginin_number yana wakiltar ƙananan canje-canje da mai kula da kunshin ya yi, ba ta marubucin shirin ba, kamar ƙarin takaddun bayanai, canje-canje ga fayilolin daidaitawa, ko gyaran kwaro da ƙari.

Da zarar kun gano takamaiman nau'in kunshin (misali nginx-1.10.3-1.el7.ngx), shigar da shi kamar haka. Lura cewa tsarin suna dole ne ya canza a nan, zuwa cikakken RPM da ake so, package_name-version_number kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin umarni mai zuwa.

# yum install nginx-1.10.3

A madadin, idan kuna son amfani da sigar tare da wasu sabuntawa, saka build_number (package_name-version_number-build_number) kamar yadda aka nuna.

# yum install nginx-1.10.3-1.el7.ngx

Idan akai la'akari da yanayin da ke sama, an riga an shigar da sabon sigar fakitin akan tsarin. Don haka, kuna buƙatar cire sigar fakitin da aka shigar, idan kuna son shigar da tsohuwar sigar daga fakitin da ake da su kamar yadda aka nuna.

# yum remove nginx

Da zarar kun cire kunshin da aka shigar, zaku iya shigar da takamaiman nau'in da kuke so kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.

Shigar da Specific Package Version a cikin Ubuntu da Debian

Da farko duba sigar fakitin da aka sanya akan tsarin ku tare da duk fakitin da ke akwai a cikin ma'ajiyar, ta amfani da umarnin cache mai dacewa da ke ƙasa.

$ apt-cache policy firefox

Don shigar da takamaiman sigar fakiti, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa tare da syntax a ƙasa.

$ sudo apt install firefox=45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1

Idan an riga an shigar da sabon sigar fakiti akan tsarin Ubuntu, zaku iya cire shi sannan ku shigar da sigar da kuke so.

$ sudo apt remove firefox
$ sudo apt install firefox=45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1

Shi ke nan! Don ƙarin bayani, koma zuwa yum, apt, apt-cache man shafukan. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, yi amfani da fom ɗin sharhin da ke ƙasa don zuwa gare mu.