Yadda ake Shigar Bayanan PostgreSQL a cikin Debian 10
PostgreSQL (wani lokacin ana kiransa Postgres) shine mafi girman tushen buɗe-tushen gama gari - manufa da tsarin haɗin bayanai tare da ingantaccen tsarin gine-gine wanda ke gudana akan dukkan manyan tsarukan aiki. Babban aiki ne, tabbatacce, mai iya daidaitawa kuma mai iya fadada tsarin data wanda yake bada cikakkiyar ingancin bayanai kuma yana tallafawa masu karfin kara.
Mahimmanci, PostgreSQL yana ba ka damar ayyana nau'ikan bayananku, ƙara ayyukan al'ada, har ma da rubuta lambar daga harsunan shirye-shirye daban-daban kamar C/C ++, Java, da sauransu, ba tare da sake tattara bayanan bayanan ku ba.
PostgreSQL ana amfani dashi da sanannun kamfanonin Tech kamar Apple, Fujitsu, Red Hat, Cisco, Juniper Network, da dai sauransu.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu nuna muku yadda ake girka, amintar da daidaita sabar bayanan PostgreSQL a cikin Debian 10.
- Sanya Debian 10 (Buster) Mafi qarancin Server
Shigar da Server na PostgreSQL akan Debian 10
Don shigar da uwar garken bayanan PostgreSQL, yi amfani da tsoffin manajan kunshin APT, wanda zai girka uwar garken PostgreSQL 11 da abokin ciniki.
# apt install postgresql-11 postgresql-client-11
A kan Debian, kamar kowane ɗayan, ana ƙaddamar da bayanan Postgres nan da nan bayan an gama shigar da kunshin kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe.
Don bincika idan an ƙaddamar da tushen bayanan Postgres da gaske, zaku iya amfani da pg_isready mai amfani wanda ke bincika matsayin haɗi na sabar PostgreSQL, kamar haka.
# pg_isready
Bayan haka, a karkashin tsari, ana kuma ƙaddamar da sabis na Postgres kai tsaye kuma an kunna shi don farawa a tsarin taya. Don tabbatar da cewa sabis ɗin yana kan aiki da kyau, gudanar da wannan umarni.
# systemctl status postgresql
Mai zuwa wasu umarnin systemctl masu amfani ne don sarrafa sabis na Postgres karkashin tsarin.
# systemctl start postgresql # systemctl restart postgresql # systemctl stop postgresql # systemctl reload postgresql #this reloads the service configuration
Kullawa da Harhada bayanan bayanan PostgreSQL
Ta hanyar tsoho, Postgres suna amfani da ma'anar matsayin don gudanar da izinin izini na bayanan bayanai da matsayin matsayin bayanai daban-daban daga masu amfani tsarin aiki. Matsayi na iya zama mai amfani ko rukuni, kuma rawar da ke da damar shiga ana kiranta mai amfani.
Wani sabon tsari da aka kirkira koyaushe yana dauke da sanannen rawar da ake kira postgres, yana da suna iri ɗaya da asusun mai amfani da tsarin aiki wanda ake kira postgres, wanda ake amfani dashi don samun damar psql (Postgres shell) da sauran shirye-shiryen rumbun adana bayanai.
Ba a kiyaye asusun mai amfani da tsarin Postgres ta amfani da kalmar sirri, don amintar da shi, za ku iya ƙirƙirar kalmar sirri ta amfani da passwd utility.
# passwd postgres
Hakanan, rawar Postgres (ko mai amfani da bayanan gudanarwa idan kuna so) ba ta amintacce ta tsoho. Hakanan kuna buƙatar tabbatar dashi tare da kalmar sirri. Yanzu canzawa zuwa asusun mai amfani da tsarin postgres da rawar postgres (tuna don saita kalmar sirri mai ƙarfi da amintacce) kamar yadda aka nuna.
# su - postgres # psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'securepass_here';"
Sannan ficewa daga asusun talla don cigaba da jagorar.
Igaddamar da Ingantaccen Abokin Ciniki
Babban fayil ɗin daidaitawar Postgres yana a /etc/postgresql/11/main/postgresql.conf. Baya ga wannan fayil ɗin, Postgres yana amfani da wasu fayilolin sanyi guda biyu da aka tsara da hannu, wanda ke sarrafa ingantaccen abokin ciniki.
Ana sarrafa bayanan abokin ciniki ta fayil ɗin sanyi /etc/postgresql/11/main/pg_hba.conf. Postgres suna ba da hanyoyi daban-daban na amincin abokin ciniki gami da ingantaccen tushen kalmar sirri. Ana haɗin haɗin abokan ciniki bisa ga adireshin mai masaukin abokin ciniki, bayanan bayanai, da mai amfani.
Idan ka zaɓi yin amfani da kalmar sirri ta kalmar sirri, za ka iya aiwatar da ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin: md5 ko kalmar wucewa waɗanda ke aiki iri ɗaya ban da hanyar da ake watsa kalmar sirri a kan haɗin, wato MD5-hashed da bayyananniyar rubutu bi da bi.
Amfani da md5 kalmar sirri ta tabbatar da hana kalmar sirri ta hanyar masu fashin baki kuma yana nisantar adana kalmomin shiga kan saba a cikin rubutu mara kyau. Ba za a iya amfani da hanyar kalmar wucewa da aminci ba idan ana kiyaye haɗin ta hanyar ɓoye SSL.
Don wannan jagorar, za mu nuna yadda za a iya daidaita md5 kalmar sirri don tabbatar abokin ciniki.
# vim /etc/postgresql/11/main/pg_hba.conf
Nemi layin da ke gaba ka canza hanyar tabbatarwa zuwa md5 kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin sikirin.
local all all md5
Adana canje-canje a cikin fayil ɗin kuma fita shi. Sannan amfani da canje-canjen kwanan nan ta sake kunna sabis na Postgres kamar haka.
# systemctl restart postgresql
Ingirƙirar Sabon Bayanan Bayanai da Matsayi Database/Mai amfani a cikin PostgreSQL
A wannan sashin na ƙarshe, za mu nuna yadda za a ƙirƙiri sabon mai amfani da rumbun adana bayanai da kuma rawar aikin tattara bayanai don sarrafa shi. Da farko, canza zuwa asusun postgres kuma buɗe harsashin Postgres kamar haka.
# su - postgres $ psql
Don ƙirƙirar ɗakunan bayanai da ake kira\"test_db" gudanar da umurnin SQL mai zuwa.
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE test_db;
Sannan ƙirƙirar mai amfani da rumbun adana bayanai (gudummawa tare da haƙƙoƙin shiga) wanda zai gudanar da sabon kundin bayanan kamar haka.
postgres=#CREATE USER test_user PASSWORD ‘[email _here’; #assumes login function by default
Don haɗawa zuwa test_db azaman mai amfani test_user, gudanar da wannan umarni.
$ psql -d test_db -U test_user
Don ƙarin bayani, duba bayanan PostgreSQL 11.
Wancan ne don yanzu! A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda ake girka, amintar da daidaita sabar bayanan PostgreSQL a cikin Debian 10. Shin kuna da wata tambaya ko tunani da zaku raba? Yi amfani da hanyar sharhi da ke ƙasa don isa gare mu.