Yadda ake Shigar LEMP akan Debian 10 Server
Aarin “LEMP” cakuda ne na kayan buɗe ido wanda yawanci aka girka akan sabar Linux don tura aikace-aikace masu kuzari. Wannan lokacin kalma ce da ke wakiltar tsarin aiki na Linux, Nginx sabar yanar gizo, kundin bayanan MariaDB, da shirye-shiryen PHP.
Kodayake wannan tarin "" LEMP "yana ɗauke da MySQL a matsayin tsarin sarrafa bayanai, wasu rarraba Linux kamar Debian - suna amfani da MariaDB azaman maye gurbin MySQL.
- Yadda Ake Sanya Debian 10 (Buster) Mafi qarancin Server
A cikin wannan labarin, zamu bayyana muku yadda ake girka da saita yanayi na LEMP akan sabar Debian 10, ta amfani da MariaDB azaman dandamalin gudanar da bayanai.
Shigar da Nginx Web Server akan Debian 10
Nginx buɗaɗɗen tushe ne da dandamali, mai sauƙin nauyi amma mai ƙarfi kuma mai sauƙin daidaita HTTP da sauya uwar garken wakili, uwar garken wakili na wasiƙa, da kuma jigilar wakili na TCP/UDP, tare da tsarin gine-ginen zamani.
Wasu daga cikin fasali na asali sun haɗa da yin aiki a tsaye da fayilolin fihirisa; hanzarta tallafi tare da jigilar FastCGI, uwsgi, SCGI, da Memcached sabobin, daidaita nauyi da haƙuri, Laifin SSL da TLS SNI, tallafi ga HTTP/2 tare da fifikon nauyi da dogaro.
Don shigar da kunshin Nginx, yi amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin Debian mai kyau kamar yadda aka nuna.
# apt update # apt install nginx
Da zarar an gama shigarwar Nginx, mai sakawa zai kunna systemd don fara sabis na Nginx a yanzu kuma ya ba shi damar farawa ta atomatik a tsarin boot. Kuna iya bincika matsayin Nginx ta amfani da umarnin systemctl mai zuwa.
# systemctl status nginx
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da waɗannan mahimman umarnin don farawa, sake kunnawa, dakatarwa, da sake loda saitin sabis na Nginx ƙarƙashin tsarin.
# systemctl start nginx # systemctl restart nginx # systemctl stop nginx # systemctl reload nginx # systemctl status nginx
Na gaba, idan kuna da katangar UFW da ke gudana (yawanci ana kashe shi ta tsohuwa), kuna buƙatar buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa 80 (HTTP) da 443 (HTTPS) don ba da izinin zirga-zirga mai shigowa akan Nginx.
# ufw allow 80 # ufw allow 443 # ufw status
A wannan gaba, kuna buƙatar gwada idan an shigar da Nginx da kyau, ko yana gudana kuma zai iya hidimar shafukan yanar gizo. Don yin hakan, buɗe burauzar yanar gizo ka nuna ta URL mai zuwa don samun damar shafin Nginx Debian Default.
http://SERVER_IP/ OR http://localhost/
Shigar da MariaDB akan Debian 10
Na gaba, kuna buƙatar shigar da tsarin rumbun adana bayanai don samun damar adanawa da sarrafa bayanai don gidan yanar gizonku ko aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo. Debian 10 tana tallafawa MariaDB ta tsohuwa, azaman maye gurbin-maye gurbin MySQL.
Don shigar da MariaDB, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.
# apt install mariadb-server
Na gaba, bincika matsayin sabis ɗin MariaDB tunda an fara shi ta atomatik ta hanyar sarrafawa kuma an kunna shi don farawa a boot system, don tabbatar da cewa yana sama da aiki, yi amfani da wannan umarnin.
# systemctl status mariadb
Don gudanarwa (fara, sake kunnawa, dakatarwa da sake sakewa) sabis ɗin MariaDB ƙarƙashin tsarin, zaku iya amfani da wannan umarnin.
# systemctl start mariadb # systemctl restart mariadb # systemctl stop mariadb # systemctl reload mariadb
Abu na gaba, tura MariaDB zai zama mara tsaro ta tsoho. Kuna buƙatar gudanar da rubutun harsashi wanda ke shigowa tare da kunshin, don ba ku damar haɓaka tsaro na bayanai.
# mysql_secure_installation
Bayan kunna rubutun, zai ɗauki ku ta hanyar jerin tambayoyi masu zuwa don canza saitunan tsoho na shigarwar MariaDB kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe.
Shigar da PHP-FPM (Manajan Gudanar da Sauri) akan Debian 10
Ba kamar Apache da sauran sabar yanar gizo ba, Nginx ba ya ba da tallafi na asali ga PHP, yayin da yake amfani da PHP-FPM don ɗaukar buƙatun don shafukan PHP. PHP-FPM madadin azaman FastCGI ne na PHP wanda ke bawa gidan yanar gizo damar ɗaukar manyan kayayyaki, ta amfani da matakai na ma'aikata don ɗaukar buƙatun.
Don shigar da PHP-FPM 7.3 da kuma tsarin PHP don sadarwa tare da tsarin MariaDB/MySQL, aiwatar da umarnin mai zuwa.
# apt install php-fpm php-mysqli
Bayan an shigar da PHP-FPM, mai sakawa zai kunna systemd don fara sabis ɗin PHP-FPM a yanzu kuma ya ba shi damar farawa ta atomatik a tsarin boot. Don bincika idan yana aiki kuma yana gudana, ba da umarnin mai zuwa.
# systemctl status php-fpm
Hakanan zaka iya farawa, sake farawa tasha, da sake shigar da tsarin aikin PHP-FPM a ƙarƙashin tsarin, kamar haka.
# systemctl start php-fpm # systemctl restart php-fpm # systemctl stop php-fpm # systemctl reload php-fpm # systemctl status php-fpm
Na gaba, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da PHP-FPM ta hanyar yin wasu canje-canje a cikin fayil ɗin daidaitawa /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini kamar haka.
# vi /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini
Nemi ; cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 ba damuwa ta cire cire haruffa ; a farkon farawa, saita darajar sa zuwa 0 . Wannan yana hana Nginx daga kyale a zartar da fayilolin da ba PHP ba azaman PHP.
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
Ta hanyar tsoho, an saita PHP-FPM don saurara akan soxket na UNIX, /run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin /etc/php/7.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf fayil ɗin daidaitawa. Dole ne ku saita duk toshewar sabarku (ko masu karɓar baƙi) don amfani da wannan soket ɗin idan zasu aiwatar da hidimomin shafukan PHP.
Zaka iya amfani da Nginx tsoffin uwar garken toshe fayil ɗin sanyi/sauransu/nginx/shafuka-wadata/tsoho don gwada shi.
# vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
Bincika sashin da ke gaba kuma ba damuwa don wuce rubutun PHP zuwa uwar garken FastCGI kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin sikirin.
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
}
Na gaba, gwada idan tsarin daidaitawar Nginx yayi kyau, ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.
# nginx -t
Idan tsarin Nginx yayi kyau, don amfani da canje-canjen da aka yi kwanan nan, sake kunna ayyukan php7.3-fpm da nginx kamar haka.
# systemctl restart php7.2-fpm # systemctl restart nginx
Gwajin aikin PHP-FPM akan Nginx
Bayan daidaitawa PHP-FPM da Nginx don aiki tare, kuna buƙatar gwada idan sabis biyu zasu iya aiwatar da hidimomin shafukan PHP ga abokan ciniki. Don yin hakan, ƙirƙiri ingantaccen rubutun PHP a cikin gidan yanar gizonku DocumentRoot kamar haka.
# echo “<?php phpinfo(); ?>” | tee /var/www/html/info.php
A ƙarshe, buɗe burauzar ka buga adireshin da ke gaba don ganin daidaitawar PHP akan tsarin kamar yadda aka samar ta aikin phpinfo() .
http://SERVER_IP/info.php OR http://localhost/info.php
A cikin wannan labarin, mun nuna yadda ake girka da saita fasalin LEMP a cikin Debian 10. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko ra'ayoyi, da fatan za a miƙa hannu a sanar da mu ta hanyar tsarin sharhi da ke ƙasa.