Yadda ake Mai da ko Ceto Grub Boot Loader a cikin CentOS 7
A cikin wannan koyawa za mu rufe tsarin ceton gurɓataccen bootloader a cikin CentOS 7 ko Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 da dawo da kalmar sirri da aka manta.
Lodar boot ɗin GRUB wani lokaci yana iya lalacewa, daidaitawa ko sharewa a cikin CentOS saboda batutuwa daban-daban, kamar gazawar hardware ko software ko wani lokacin ana iya maye gurbinsu da wasu na'urori masu aiki, idan akwai booting biyu. Lalacewar bootloader na Grub yana sa tsarin CentOS/RHEL ya kasa yin taya da canja wurin sarrafawa gaba zuwa kernel na Linux.
Ana shigar da mataki na farko na bootloader na Grub akan 448 bytes na farko a farkon kowace rumbun kwamfutarka, a wani yanki da aka fi sani da Master Boot Record (MBR).
Matsakaicin girman MBR shine tsayin byes 512. Idan daga wasu dalilai an sake rubutawa na farko 448 bytes, ba za a iya lodawa CentOS ko Red Hat Enterprise Linux ba sai dai idan kun kunna na'ura tare da hoton CentOS ISO a yanayin ceto ko amfani da wasu hanyoyin loda taya kuma sake shigar da mai ɗaukar kaya na MBR GRUB.
- Zazzage CentOS 7 Hoton ISO DVD
Mai da GRUB Boot Loader a cikin CentOS 7
1. A mataki na farko, zazzage sabon sigar hoto na CentOS 7 ISO kuma ku ƙone shi zuwa DVD ko ƙirƙirar sandar USB mai bootable. Sanya hoton da za a iya ɗauka a cikin injin ɗin da ya dace kuma ka sake yin na'urar.
Yayin da BIOS ke yin gwaje-gwajen POST, danna maɓalli na musamman (Esc, F2, F11, F12, Del dangane da umarnin motherboard) don shigar da saitunan BIOS kuma canza tsarin taya ta yadda hoton DVD/USB mai bootable ya fara farawa. a fara na'ura, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke ƙasa.
2. Bayan da CentOS 7 da aka gano kafofin watsa labarai bootable, allon farko zai bayyana a cikin kayan aikin saka idanu na injin ku. Daga menu na farko zaɓi zaɓin Shirya matsala kuma danna maɓallin [shirya] don ci gaba.
3. A kan allo na gaba zaɓi Ceto tsarin tsarin CentOS kuma danna maɓallin [enter] don ci gaba. Wani sabon allo zai bayyana tare da saƙon 'Latsa maɓallin Shigar don fara aikin shigarwa'. Anan, kawai danna maɓallin [enter] don sake loda tsarin CentOS zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
4. Bayan mai sakawa software lodi a cikin na'ura RAM, da ceto muhalli m zai bayyana a kan allo. A kan wannan saurin buga 1 don ci gaba da tsarin dawo da tsarin, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke ƙasa.
5. A mataki na gaba shirin ceto zai sanar da ku cewa an saka na'urar ku a ƙarƙashin /mnt/sysimage directory. Anan, kamar yadda shirin ceto ya nuna, rubuta chroot /mnt/sysimage don canza tsarin bishiyar Linux daga hoton ISO zuwa tushen tushen tushen diski ɗin ku.
6. Na gaba, gano rumbun kwamfutarka ta hanyar ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa a cikin gaggawar ceto.
# ls /dev/sd*
Idan injin ku yana amfani da tsohuwar mai sarrafa RAID na zahiri, diski ɗin zai sami wasu sunaye, kamar /dev/cciss. Hakanan, idan tsarin CentOS ɗinku ya kasance a ƙarƙashin injin kama-da-wane, ana iya sanya wa hard disks suna /dev/vda ko /dev/xvda.
Koyaya, bayan kun gano faifan diski na injin ku, zaku iya fara shigar da GRUB boot loader ta hanyar ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa.
# ls /sbin | grep grub2 # Identify GRUB installation command # /sbin/grub2-install /dev/sda # Install the boot loader in the boot partition of the first hard disk
7. Bayan an yi nasarar shigar da GRUB2 boot loader a cikin Hard disk ɗin ku MBR, rubuta fita don komawa kan itacen hoton CentOS boot ISO kuma sake yi na'ura ta hanyar buga init 6 a cikin na'urar, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke ƙasa.
8. Bayan sake kunna na'ura, ya kamata, da farko, shigar da saitunan BIOS kuma canza menu na odar taya (sanya rumbun kwamfutarka tare da shigar MBR boot loader akan matsayi na farko a cikin tsarin menu na taya).
Ajiye saitunan BIOS kuma, sake sake kunna injin don aiwatar da sabon odar taya. Bayan sake kunna injin yakamata ya fara kai tsaye cikin menu na GRUB, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.
Taya murna! Kun yi nasarar gyara tsarin ku na CentOS 7 ya lalace GRUB bootloader. Ku sani cewa wani lokaci, bayan maido da GRUB boot loader, injin zai sake farawa sau ɗaya ko sau biyu don amfani da sabon tsarin grub.
Mai da Tushen Kalmar wucewa a cikin CentOS 7
9. Idan kun manta tushen kalmar sirri kuma ba za ku iya shiga cikin tsarin CentOS 7 ba, zaku iya sake saita (blank) kalmar sirri ta hanyar booting hoton DVD na CentOS 7 ISO a yanayin dawo da bi matakan da aka nuna a sama, har sai ka kai mataki na 6. Yayin da kake zazzage cikin tsarin fayil ɗin shigarwa na CentOS, ba da umarni mai zuwa don gyara fayil ɗin kalmar sirri na asusun Linux.
# vi /etc/shadow
A cikin fayil ɗin inuwa, gano tushen kalmar sirrin layin (yawanci shine layin farko), shigar da yanayin edit ta hanyar danna maɓallin i kuma share duk kirtani a tsakanin farkon colon \: da kuma hanji na biyu :” , kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke ƙasa.
Bayan kun gama, ajiye fayil ɗin ta latsa maɓallan masu zuwa a cikin wannan tsari Esc -> : -> wq!
10. A ƙarshe, fita daga na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa kuma rubuta init 6 don sake yin na'ura. Bayan sake kunnawa, shiga cikin tsarin CentOS ɗinku tare da tushen asusun, wanda ba shi da kalmar sirri da aka saita yanzu, kuma saita sabon kalmar sirri don mai amfani da tushen ta aiwatar da umarnin passwd, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke ƙasa.
Shi ke nan! Buga na'ura ta zahiri ko VM tare da hoton CentOS 7 DVD ISO a yanayin farfadowa na iya taimakawa masu gudanar da tsarin yin ayyuka daban-daban na magance matsala don tsarin da ya karye, kamar dawo da bayanai ko waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin koyawa.