Hanyoyi 11 don Nemo Bayanin Asusu na Mai amfani da Cikakkun Shiga cikin Linux


Wannan labarin zai nuna muku hanyoyi goma sha ɗaya masu amfani don nemo bayanai game da masu amfani akan tsarin Linux. Anan za mu bayyana umarni don samun cikakkun bayanan asusun mai amfani, nuna bayanan shiga da kuma abin da masu amfani ke yi akan tsarin.

Idan kuna son ƙara masu amfani a cikin Linux, yi amfani da mai amfani ta hanyar layin umarni kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin jagororin masu zuwa:

  1. 15 Misalai Masu Fa'ida Masu Amfani akan Umurnin 'useradd'
  2. 15 Misalai Masu Fa'ida Masu Amfani akan Umurnin 'usermod'

Za mu fara da duban umarni don nemo bayanan asusun mai amfani, sannan mu ci gaba da bayyana umarni don duba bayanan shiga.

1. id Command

id shine mai sauƙin layin umarni don nuna ainihin kuma ingantaccen mai amfani da ID na rukuni kamar haka.

$ id tecmint 

uid=1000(tecmint) gid=1000(tecmint) groups=1000(tecmint),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),113(lpadmin),130(sambashare)

2. ƙungiyoyin Umurni

Ana amfani da umarnin ƙungiyoyi don nuna duk ƙungiyoyin da mai amfani yake da su.

$ groups tecmint

tecmint : tecmint adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

3. Umurnin yatsa

Ana amfani da umarnin yatsa don bincika bayanai game da mai amfani akan Linux. Ba a shigar da shi akan tsarin Linux da yawa.

Don shigar da shi akan tsarin ku, gudanar da wannan umarni akan tashar.

$ sudo apt install finger	#Debian/Ubuntu 
$ sudo yum install finger	#RHEL/CentOS
$ sudo dnf install finger	#Fedora 22+

Yana nuna ainihin sunan mai amfani; kundin adireshin gida; harsashi; shiga: suna, lokaci; kuma da yawa kamar yadda a kasa.

$ finger tecmint

Login: tecmint        			Name: TecMint
Directory: /home/tecmint            	Shell: /bin/bash
On since Fri Sep 22 10:39 (IST) on tty8 from :0
   2 hours 1 minute idle
No mail.
No Plan.

4. Umurnin samun

getent shine mai amfani da layin umarni don ɗauko shigarwar daga ɗakunan karatu na Sabis na Suna (NSS) daga takamaiman tsarin bayanai.

Don samun cikakkun bayanan asusun mai amfani, yi amfani da bayanan bayanan passwd da sunan mai amfani kamar haka.

$ getent passwd tecmint

tecmint:x:1000:1000:TecMint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash

5. grep Umurnin

Umurnin grep shine kayan aikin bincike mai ƙarfi da ake samu akan galibi idan ba duka tsarin Linus bane. Kuna iya amfani da shi don nemo bayani game da takamaiman mai amfani daga fayil ɗin asusun tsarin: /etc/passwd kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

$ grep -i tecmint /etc/passwd

tecmint:x:1000:1000:TecMint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash

6. Umurnin lslogins

Umurnin lslogin yana nuna bayanai game da sanannun masu amfani a cikin tsarin, alamar -u tana nuna asusun masu amfani kawai.

$ lslogins -u

UID USER       PROC PWD-LOCK PWD-DENY LAST-LOGIN GECOS
   0 root        144                              root
1000 tecmint      70                     10:39:07 TecMint,,,
1001 aaronkilik    0                              
1002 john          0                              John Doo

7. Umurnin masu amfani

Umurnin masu amfani yana nuna sunayen masu amfani na duk masu amfani a halin yanzu sun shiga kan tsarin kamar haka.

$ users

tecmint
aaron

8. wanda Umarni

wanda aka yi amfani da umarnin don nuna masu amfani waɗanda aka shiga akan tsarin, gami da tashoshin da suke haɗawa daga.

$ who -u

tecmint  tty8         2017-09-22 10:39 02:09        2067 (:0)

9. w Umarni

w umurnin yana nuna duk masu amfani waɗanda suka shiga cikin tsarin da abin da suke yi.

$ w

12:46:54 up  2:10,  1 user,  load average: 0.34, 0.44, 0.57
USER     TTY      FROM             [email    IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
tecmint  tty8     :0               10:39    2:10m  4:43   0.46s cinnamon-sessio

10. umarni na ƙarshe ko na ƙarshe

umarni na ƙarshe/lastb yana nuna jerin masu amfani na ƙarshe da suka shiga akan tsarin.

$ last 
OR
$ last -a   #show hostname on the last column
tecmint  tty8         Fri Sep 22 10:39    gone - no logout  :0
reboot   system boot  Fri Sep 22 10:36   still running      4.4.0-21-generic
tecmint  tty8         Thu Sep 21 10:44 - down   (06:56)     :0
reboot   system boot  Thu Sep 21 10:42 - 17:40  (06:58)     4.4.0-21-generic
tecmint  tty8         Wed Sep 20 10:19 - down   (06:50)     :0
reboot   system boot  Wed Sep 20 10:17 - 17:10  (06:52)     4.4.0-21-generic
tecmint  pts/14       Tue Sep 19 15:15 - 15:16  (00:00)     tmux(14160).%146
tecmint  pts/13       Tue Sep 19 15:15 - 15:16  (00:00)     tmux(14160).%145
...

Don nuna duk masu amfani waɗanda suka kasance a ƙayyadadden lokaci, yi amfani da zaɓin -p kamar haka.

$ last -ap now

tecmint  tty8         Fri Sep 22 10:39    gone - no logout  :0
reboot   system boot  Fri Sep 22 10:36   still running      4.4.0-21-generic

wtmp begins Fri Sep  1 16:23:02 2017

11. Lastlog Command

Ana amfani da umarnin lastlog don nemo cikakkun bayanan shiga kwanan nan na duk masu amfani ko na wani mai amfani kamar haka.

$ lastlog  
OR
$ lastlog -u tecmint 	#show lastlog records for specific user tecmint
Username         Port     From             Latest
root                                       **Never logged in**
kernoops                                   **Never logged in**
pulse                                      **Never logged in**
rtkit                                      **Never logged in**
saned                                      **Never logged in**
usbmux                                     **Never logged in**
mdm                                        **Never logged in**
tecmint          pts/1    127.0.0.1        Fri Jan  6 16:50:22 +0530 2017
..

Shi ke nan! Idan kun san kowane dabarar layin umarni ko umarni don duba bayanan asusun mai amfani yi raba tare da mu.

Za ku sami wannan labarin mai alaƙa da amfani sosai:

  1. Yadda ake Sarrafa Masu amfani da Ƙungiyoyi a cikin Linux
  2. Yadda ake Share Accounts na Mai amfani da Littafin Gida a cikin Linux
  3. Hanyoyi 3 don Canja Tsoffin Shell a Linux
  4. Yadda ake Toshewa ko Kashe Shiga masu amfani a cikin Linux

A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana hanyoyi daban-daban don nemo bayanai game da masu amfani da bayanan shiga akan tsarin Linux. Kuna iya yin kowace tambaya ko raba ra'ayoyinku ta hanyar amsawar da ke ƙasa.