Yadda ake Canza Runlevels (manufa) a cikin SystemD

Systemd tsarin init ne na zamani don Linux: tsari da manajan sabis wanda ya dace da mashahurin tsarin init na SysV da rubutun init na LSB. An yi niyya don shawo kan gazawar SysV init kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin labarin mai zuwa.

  1. Labarin Bayan 'init' da 'systemd': Me yasa 'init' ake buƙatar maye gurbinsu da 'systemd' a cikin Linux

A kan tsarin Unix-kamar Linux kamar Linux, yanayin aiki na tsarin aiki na yanzu an san shi azaman runlevel; yana bayyana abin da tsarin sabis ke gudana. Ƙarƙashin mashahuran tsarin init kamar SysV init, ana gano matakan gudu ta lambobi. Koyaya, a cikin matakan runduna ana kiran su hari.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana yadda za a canza runlevels (manufa) tare da systemd. Kafin mu ci gaba, bari mu ɗan taƙaita dangantakar dake tsakanin lambobin runlevels da maƙasudai.

  • Run matakin 0 ya dace da poweroff.target (kuma runlevel0.target alama ce ta hanyar haɗi zuwa poweroff.target).
  • Run matakin 1 ya dace da ceto.target (kuma runlevel1.target wata alama ce ta hanyar haɗin kai don ceto. manufa).
  • Run matakin 3 ana kwaikwaya ta hanyar multi-user.target (kuma runlevel3.target wata alama ce ta hanyar haɗi zuwa multi-user.target).
  • An kwaikwayi matakin Gudu na 5 ta graphical.target (kuma runlevel5.target wata alama ce ta hanyar haɗi zuwa graphical.target).
  • An kwaikwayi matakin Run 6 ta hanyar reboot.target (kuma runlevel6.target wata alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa don sake yi.target).
  • An daidaita gaggawa ta gaggawa. target.

Yadda ake Duba manufa na yanzu (matakin gudu) a cikin Systemd

Lokacin da tsarin ya yi takalma, ta tsoho tsarin yana kunna rukunin default.target. Babban aikin shine kunna ayyuka da sauran raka'a ta hanyar jawo su ta hanyar dogaro.

Don duba tsohuwar manufa, rubuta umarnin da ke ƙasa.

#systemctl get-default 

graphical.target

Don saita tsohuwar manufa, gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# systemctl set-default multi-user.target

Yadda ake Canja manufa (runlevel) a cikin Systemd

Yayin da tsarin ke gudana, zaku iya canza maƙasudi (matakin gudu), ma'ana kawai ayyuka da raka'o'in da aka ayyana ƙarƙashin wannan manufa yanzu za su yi aiki akan tsarin.

Don canzawa zuwa runlevel 3, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# systemctl isolate multi-user.target

Don canza tsarin zuwa runlevel 5, rubuta umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# systemctl isolate graphical.target

Don ƙarin bayani game da systemd, karanta ta cikin waɗannan labarai masu amfani:

  1. Yadda ake Sarrafa Sabis na 'Systemd' da Raka'a Ta Amfani da 'Systemctl' a cikin Linux
  2. Yadda ake Ƙirƙiri da Gudanar da Sabbin Sabis na Sabis a cikin Tsarin Amfani da Rubutun Shell
  3. Sarrafa Tsari da Sabis na Farawa Tsari (SysVinit, Systemd da Upstart)
  4. Sarrafa Saƙonnin Log a ƙarƙashin Na'ura ta Amfani da Journalctl [Ƙararren Jagora]

A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda ake canza runlevels (manufa) tare da systemd. Yi amfani da fom ɗin sharhi da ke ƙasa don aiko mana da kowace tambaya ko tunani game da wannan labarin.