Yadda ake Shigar PostgreSQL a cikin RHEL 8

PostgreSQL, wanda aka fi sani da Postgres, yana da ƙarfi, tushen tushen tushen tsarin gudanar da bayanai wanda ke amfani da kuma faɗaɗa yaren SQL haɗe tare da fasali da yawa waɗanda ke kiyayewa da haɓaka mafi girman ayyukan data.

PostgreSQL jiragen ruwa tare da adadin siffofin da aka shirya don taimaka wa masu shirye-shirye don haɓaka aikace-aikace, masu gudanarwa don kiyaye mutuncin bayanai da ƙirƙirar mahalli masu haƙuri, da kuma taimaka muku don gudanar da bayananku komai ƙanƙantar da bayanan.

Baya ga zama kyauta kuma buɗe-tushe, PostgreSQL yana da matuƙar ƙari. Misali, zaku iya kara nau'ikan bayananku, bunkasa ayyukan al'ada, koda rubutattun lambobi daga yarukan shirye-shirye daban daban ba tare da sake tattara bayanan bayananku ba!

RHEL 8 tare da Instananan Shigowa
RHEL 8 tare da Subsaddamar Biyan Kuɗi na RedHat
RHEL 8 tare da Adireshin IP tsaye

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana yadda za a girka, amintarwa da daidaita tsarin sarrafa bayanai na PostgreSQL a cikin RHEL 8 Linux rarraba.

Girkawar Fuskokin PostgreSQL

1. An saka PostgreSQL a cikin rumbun adana na RHEL 8, kuma ana iya girkawa ta amfani da umarnin dnf mai zuwa, wanda zai girka uwar garken PostgreSQL 10, dakunan karatu da kuma masu binar abokin ciniki.

# dnf install @postgresql

Lura: Don shigar da fakiti na PostgreSQL 11 akan tsarin RHEL 8 naka, kuna buƙatar shigar da wurin ajiyar PostgreSQL RPM, wanda ke ƙunshe da fakiti daban-daban kamar sabar PostgreSQL, abokin ciniki binary, da kuma ƙarin ɓangare na uku.

# dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
# dnf update
# dnf install postgresql11-server postgresql11  postgresql11-contrib

Alizeaddamar da Bayanan Bayanan PostgreSQL

2. Da zarar ka girka fakitin PostgreSQL, mataki na gaba shine ka fara kirkirar sabon kundin bayanan na PostgreSQL ta hanyar amfani da/usr/bin/postgresql-setup utility, kamar haka.

# /usr/bin/postgresql-setup --initdb

3. Yanzu da yake an fara kirkirar rukunin PostgreSQL din, kuna bukatar fara aikin PostgreSQL, a yanzu, sannan a bashi damar fara amfani da shi ta atomatik a boot system da kuma tabbatar da matsayin ta ta amfani da systemctl command.

# systemctl start postgresql
# systemctl enable postgresql
# systemctl status postgresql

Tabbatar da Sanya Bayanan bayanan PostgreSQL

A cikin wannan ɓangaren, za mu nuna yadda za a amintar da asusun mai amfani na Postgres da asusun mai amfani na gudanarwa. Sannan zamu rufe yadda ake tsara PostgreSQL, musamman yadda ake saita ingantaccen abokin ciniki.

4. Createirƙiri kalmar wucewa don asusun mai amfani na postgres ta amfani da passwd utility kamar haka.

# passwd postgres

5. Na gaba, canzawa zuwa asusun mai amfani na tsarin postgres kuma amintar da asusun mai amfani na bayanan PostgreSQL ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kalmar shiga gare shi (ku tuna saita kalmar sirri mai ƙarfi da aminci).

$ su - postgres
$ psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'adminpasswdhere123';"

6. Ana iya samun fayilolin sanyi iri daban-daban na PostgreSQL a cikin adireshin /var/lib/pgsql/data/. Don duba tsarin kundin adireshi, zaku iya amfani da itacen (shigar da shi ta amfani da dnf shigar itace) umarnin.

# tree -L 1 /var/lib/pgsql/data/

Babban fayil ɗin daidaitawar sabar shine /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf. Kuma ana iya saita ingantaccen abokin ciniki ta amfani da /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf.

7. Gaba, bari mu duba yadda za'a saita ingantaccen abokin ciniki. Tsarin bayanan PostgreSQL yana tallafawa nau'ikan ingantattun abubuwa ciki harda ingantaccen kalmar sirri. A karkashin ingantaccen kalmar sirri, zaku iya amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin masu zuwa: md5, crypt, ko kalmar wucewa (ta aika kalmar sirri cikin rubutu bayyananne).

Kodayake hanyoyin tabbatar da kalmar wucewa na sama suna aiki iri daya, babban banbanci a tsakanin su shine: wacce hanya ce ake adana kalmar shiga ta mai amfani (a uwar garken) sannan a aika ta fadin hanyar, idan mai amfani ya shigar da ita.

Don hana warin kalmar sirri ta maharan kuma guji adana kalmomin shiga kan sabar a cikin rubutu bayyananne, ana bada shawarar amfani da md5 kamar yadda aka nuna. Yanzu buɗe fayil ɗin daidaitawa na abokin ciniki.

# vi /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

Kuma bincika layuka masu zuwa kuma canza hanyar tabbatarwa zuwa md5.

host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5
host    all             all		::1/128                 md5

8. Yanzu sake kunna sabis na Postgres don amfani da canje-canje kwanan nan a cikin sanyi.

# systemctl reload postgresql

9. A wannan matakin, shigarwar uwar garken gidan yanar sadarwar ku na PostgreSQL yanzu ta amintattu. Kuna iya canzawa zuwa asusun postgres kuma fara aiki tare da PostgreSQL.

# su - postgres
$ psql

Kuna iya karanta takaddun PostgreSQL na hukuma (ku tuna don zaɓar takardu don sigar da kuka girka) don fahimtar yadda PostgreSQL ke aiki da yadda ake amfani da shi don haɓaka aikace-aikace.

Wannan kenan a yanzu! A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda za a girka, amintarwa da daidaita tsarin sarrafa bayanai na PostgreSQL a cikin RHEL 8. Ka tuna za ka iya ba mu ra'ayoyi ta hanyar hanyar neman amsa a ƙasa.