Umarni 9 masu amfani don Samun Bayanin CPU akan Linux
A cikin labarin da ya gabata, mun haɗa jerin umarni 10 masu amfani don tattara bayanan tsarin da kayan masarufi a cikin Linux. A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu taƙaita zuwa CPU/processor, kuma za mu nuna muku hanyoyi daban-daban na fitar da cikakkun bayanai game da CPU ɗin ku.
Kawai don ba ku taƙaitaccen bayani, za mu nemi bayanai kamar su CPU architecture, vendor_id, model, model name, yawan CPU cores, gudun kowane cibiya, da ƙari mai yawa.
Mahimmanci, /proc/cpuinfo ya ƙunshi wannan duk bayanan, kowane umarni/mai amfani yana samun fitowar sa daga wannan fayil ɗin.
Tare da cewa, a ƙasa akwai umarni 9 don samun bayanai game da Linux CPU ɗin ku.
1. Samun Bayanin CPU Amfani da Dokar cat
Kuna iya kawai duba bayanan tsarin ku na CPU ta hanyar duba abubuwan da ke cikin fayil /proc/cpuinfo tare da taimakon umarnin cat kamar haka:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 69 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz stepping : 1 microcode : 0x1c cpu MHz : 1700.062 cache size : 3072 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts bugs : bogomips : 4788.92 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ......
Don samun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, zaku iya amfani da umarnin grep - kayan aikin CLI don bincika bayanan rubutu a sarari don layin da suka dace da magana ta yau da kullun. Wannan zai iya taimaka muku fitar da sunan mai siyarwa kawai, sunan ƙira, adadin masu sarrafawa, adadin muryoyi, da sauransu:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'vendor' | uniq #view vendor name $ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' | uniq #display model name $ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l #count the number of processing units $ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'core id' #show individual cores
2. Umurnin lscpu - Yana Nuna Bayanan Gine-gine na CPU
Umurnin lscpu yana buga bayanan gine-ginen CPU daga sysfs da /proc/cpuinfo kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:
$ lscpu
Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 2 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 69 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz Stepping: 1 CPU MHz: 1303.687 CPU max MHz: 2700.0000 CPU min MHz: 800.0000 BogoMIPS: 4788.92 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 3072K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts
3. cpuid Command - Nuna x86 CPU
Umurnin cpuid yana zubar da cikakkun bayanai game da CPU(s) da aka tattara daga umarnin CPUID, sannan kuma gano ainihin samfurin x86 CPU(s) daga wannan bayanin.
Tabbatar shigar da shi kafin gudanar da shi.
$ sudo apt install cpuid #Debian/Ubuntu systems $ sudo yum install cpuid #RHEL/CentOS systems $ sudo dnf install cpuid #Fedora 22+
Da zarar an shigar, gudanar da cpuid don tattara bayanai game da x86 CPU.
$ cpuid
CPU 0:
vendor_id = "GenuineIntel"
version information (1/eax):
processor type = primary processor (0)
family = Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/Celeron/Core/Core 2/Atom, AMD Athlon/Duron, Cyrix M2, VIA C3 (6)
model = 0x5 (5)
stepping id = 0x1 (1)
extended family = 0x0 (0)
extended model = 0x4 (4)
(simple synth) = Intel Mobile Core i3-4000Y / Mobile Core i5-4000Y / Mobile Core i7-4000Y / Mobile Pentium 3500U/3600U/3500Y / Mobile Celeron 2900U (Mobile U/Y) (Haswell), 22nm
miscellaneous (1/ebx):
process local APIC physical ID = 0x0 (0)
cpu count = 0x10 (16)
CLFLUSH line size = 0x8 (8)
brand index = 0x0 (0)
brand id = 0x00 (0): unknown
feature information (1/edx):
x87 FPU on chip = true
virtual-8086 mode enhancement = true
debugging extensions = true
page size extensions = true
time stamp counter = true
RDMSR and WRMSR support = true
physical address extensions = true
....
4. Umurnin dmidecode - Yana Nuna Bayanin Hardware na Linux
dmidecode kayan aiki ne don dawo da bayanan hardware na kowane tsarin Linux. Yana zubar da abubuwan da ke cikin tebur na DMI (aka SMBIOS) na kwamfuta a cikin tsarin da mutum zai iya karantawa don maidowa cikin sauƙi. Bayanin SMBIOS yana bayyana nau'ikan DMI daban-daban, don CPU, yi amfani da processor kamar haka:
$ sudo dmidecode --type processor
# dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: U3E1 Type: Central Processor Family: Core i5 Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation ID: 51 06 04 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 69, Stepping 1 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception) CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call) MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable) MCA (Machine check architecture) .....
5. Inxi Tool - Yana Nuna Bayanan Tsarin Linux
Inxi shine rubutun bayanan tsarin layin umarni mai ƙarfi wanda aka yi niyya don na'ura wasan bidiyo da IRC (Chat Relay Chat na Intanet). Kuna iya amfani da shi don dawo da bayanan hardware nan take.
Kuna iya shigarwa kamar haka:
$ sudo apt install inxi #Debian/Ubuntu systems $ sudo yum install inxi #RHEL/CentOS systems $ sudo dnf install inxi #Fedora 22+
Don nuna cikakken bayanin CPU, gami da kowane saurin agogo na CPU da max gudun CPU (idan akwai), yi amfani da tutar -C kamar haka:
$ inxi -C
CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB
clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1958 MHz 2: 1993 MHz 3: 1775 MHz 4: 1714 MHz
6. lshw Tool – Jerin Hardware Kanfigareshan
lshw ƙaramin kayan aiki ne don tara zurfafan bayanai kan daidaitawar kayan aikin kwamfuta. Kuna iya amfani da zaɓin -C don zaɓar ajin hardware, CPU a wannan yanayin:
$ sudo lshw -C CPU
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 4
bus info: [email
version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
slot: U3E1
size: 2626MHz
capacity: 2700MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 100MHz
capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts cpufreq
configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4
7. hardinfo - Yana Nuna Bayanin Hardware a cikin GTK+ Window
Hardinfo yana nuna bayanan kayan masarufi a cikin taga GTK+, zaku iya shigar dashi kamar haka:
$ sudo apt install hardinfo #Debian/Ubuntu systems $ sudo yum install hardinfo #RHEL/CentOS systems $ sudo dnf install hardinfo #Fedora 22+
Da zarar ka shigar, rubuta:
$ hardinfo
Hakanan yana ba ku damar samar da rahoton bayanan kayan masarufi ta hanyar danna maɓallin Ƙirƙirar Rahoton. Lura cewa zaku iya zaɓar nau'in bayanan kayan aikin da za'a ƙirƙira.
Da zarar ka samar da rahoton a cikin tsarin html, za ka iya duba shi daga mashigin yanar gizo kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa.
8. hwinfo - Yana Nuna Bayanan Hardware na Yanzu
Ana amfani da hwinfo don fitar da bayanai game da kayan aikin da ke cikin tsarin Linux. Don nuna bayani game da CPU ɗinku, yi amfani da --cpu
$ hwinfo --cpu
01: None 00.0: 10103 CPU [Created at cpu.460] Unique ID: rdCR.j8NaKXDZtZ6 Hardware Class: cpu Arch: X86-64 Vendor: "GenuineIntel" Model: 6.69.1 "Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz" Features: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,pae,mce,cx8,apic,sep,mtrr,pge,mca,cmov,pat,pse36,clflush,dts,acpi,mmx,fxsr,sse,sse2,ss,ht,tm,pbe,syscall,nx,pdpe1gb,rdtscp,lm,constant_tsc,arch_perfmon,pebs,bts,rep_good,nopl,xtopology,nonstop_tsc,aperfmperf,eagerfpu,pni,pclmulqdq,dtes64,monitor,ds_cpl,vmx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,fma,cx16,xtpr,pdcm,pcid,sse4_1,sse4_2,movbe,popcnt,tsc_deadline_timer,aes,xsave,avx,f16c,rdrand,lahf_lm,abm,epb,tpr_shadow,vnmi,flexpriority,ept,vpid,fsgsbase,tsc_adjust,bmi1,avx2,smep,bmi2,erms,invpcid,xsaveopt,dtherm,ida,arat,pln,pts Clock: 2080 MHz BogoMips: 4788.92 Cache: 3072 kb Units/Processor: 16 Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown ....
9. nproc - Adadin Rukunin Gudanarwa
Ana amfani da umarnin nproc don nuna adadin naúrar sarrafawa da ke kan kwamfutarka:
$ nproc
Don ƙarin bayanin amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka, karanta ta cikin shafukan mutum na waɗannan umarni kamar haka:
$ man commandname
Hakanan, duba:
- Cpustat - Yana Kula da Amfani da CPU ta Hanyar Gudu a cikin Linux
- CoreFreq - Kayan aikin Kula da CPU mai ƙarfi don Tsarin Linux
- Nemi Manyan Tsarukan Gudu ta Mafi Girman Ƙwaƙwalwa da Amfani da CPU a cikin Linux
- Yadda ake Sanya Babban Load da Gwajin damuwa akan Linux Ta amfani da Kayan aikin 'Stress-ng'
Shi ke nan a yanzu! Kuna iya raba tare da mu ƙarin hanyoyin cire bayanan CPU a cikin Linux ta hanyar amsawar da ke ƙasa.