Yadda ake Bincika Bangaran Mara kyau ko Tubalan Mara kyau akan Hard Disk a Linux

Bari mu fara da ma'anar sashe mara kyau/toshe, sashe ne akan faifan diski ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar filasha wanda ba za a iya karantawa ko rubutawa zuwa yanzu ba, sakamakon ƙayyadaddun lalacewa ta zahiri a saman diski ko gazawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar filasha.

Yayin da ɓangarori marasa kyau ke ci gaba da tarawa, ba za su iya yin tasiri ba ko kuma su yi lahani ga faifan diski ko ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar filasha ko ma haifar da yuwuwar gazawar hardware.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kasancewar ɓangarori mara kyau yakamata ya faɗakar da ku don fara tunanin samun sabon faifan faifai ko kuma kawai alama mara kyau tubalan azaman mara amfani.

Don haka, a cikin wannan labarin, za mu bi matakan da suka dace waɗanda za su iya ba ku damar tantance kasancewar ko rashi na ɓangarori marasa kyau a kan faifan Linux ɗinku ko ƙwaƙwalwar filasha ta amfani da wasu kayan aikin bincika diski.

Wannan ya ce, a ƙasa akwai hanyoyin:

Bincika Sassan Mara kyau a cikin Linux Disks Amfani da kayan aikin badblocks

Shirin badblocks yana bawa masu amfani damar bincika na'urar don ɓangarori marasa kyau ko tubalan. Na'urar na iya zama babban faifai ko faifan diski na waje, wakilta ta fayil kamar /dev/sdc.

Da fari dai, yi amfani da umarnin fdisk tare da gata mai amfani don nuna bayanai game da duk fayafai na diski ko ƙwaƙwalwar filasha tare da ɓangarorinsu:

$ sudo fdisk -l

Sannan bincika faifan Linux ɗin ku don bincika ɓangarori/tubalan ta hanyar buga:

$ sudo badblocks -v /dev/sda10 > badsectors.txt

A cikin umarnin da ke sama, badblocks yana bincika na'urar/dev/sda10 (tuna don tantance ainihin na'urar ku) tare da -v yana ba ta damar nuna cikakkun bayanai na aikin. Bugu da ƙari, ana adana sakamakon aikin a cikin fayil badsectors.txt ta hanyar juyawa fitarwa.

Idan kun gano wasu ɓangarori marasa kyau a cikin faifan diski ɗinku, cire diski ɗin sannan ku umurci tsarin aiki da kar a rubuta zuwa sassan da aka ruwaito kamar haka.

Kuna buƙatar amfani da e2fsck (don tsarin fayilolin ext2/ext3/ext4) ko fsck umarni tare da fayil ɗin badsectors.txt da fayil ɗin na'urar kamar yadda yake cikin umarnin da ke ƙasa.

Zaɓin -l yana gaya wa umarnin don ƙara toshe lambobin da aka jera a cikin fayil ɗin da aka ƙayyade ta filename (badsectors.txt) zuwa jerin munanan tubalan.

------------ Specifically for ext2/ext3/ext4 file-systems ------------ 
$ sudo e2fsck -l badsectors.txt /dev/sda10

OR

------------ For other file-systems ------------ 
$ sudo fsck -l badsectors.txt /dev/sda10

Bincika ɓangarori marasa kyau akan Linux Disk Amfani da Smartmontools

Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi aminci da inganci ga faifai na zamani (ATA/SATA da SCSI/SAS hard drives da solid-state drives) waɗanda ke jigilar su tare da tsarin S.M.A.R.T (Sabbin Kai, Nazari da Fasahar Ba da Rahoto) wanda ke taimakawa ganowa, rahoto da yuwuwar. Shigar da matsayin lafiyar su, ta yadda za ku iya gano duk wata gazawar kayan aikin da ke gabatowa.

Kuna iya shigar da smartmontools ta hanyar aiwatar da umarnin da ke ƙasa:

------------ On Debian/Ubuntu based systems ------------ 
$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

------------ On RHEL/CentOS based systems ------------ 
$ sudo yum install smartmontools

Da zarar an gama shigarwa, yi amfani da smartctl wanda ke sarrafa tsarin S.M.A.R.T da aka haɗa cikin faifai. Kuna iya duba shafin sa na mutum ko shafin taimako kamar haka:

$ man smartctl
$ smartctl -h

Yanzu aiwatar da umarnin smartctrl kuma suna sunan takamaiman na'urarku azaman hujja kamar a cikin umarni mai zuwa, alamar -H ko --lafiya an haɗa su don nuna SMART gabaɗayan lafiyar kai. -sakamakon gwaji.

$ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda10

Sakamakon da ke sama yana nuna cewa rumbun kwamfutarka na da lafiya, kuma maiyuwa ba za su fuskanci gazawar hardware nan ba da jimawa ba.

Don bayyani na bayanin diski, yi amfani da -a ko --duk zaɓi don buga duk bayanan SMART game da faifai da -x ko --xall wanda ke nuna duk bayanan SMART da marasa SMART game da faifai.

A cikin wannan koyawa, mun rufe wani muhimmin batu game da binciken lafiyar faifan diski, zaku iya samun mu ta sashin ra'ayoyin da ke ƙasa don raba ra'ayoyinku ko yin kowace tambaya kuma ku tuna koyaushe ku ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Tecmint.