Koyi Yadda ake Amfani da Umurnin Fuser tare da Misalai a cikin Linux


Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman aiki a cikin gudanarwar tsarin Linux, shine sarrafa tsari. Ya ƙunshi ayyuka da yawa a ƙarƙashin sa ido, hanyoyin sigina gami da saita abubuwan fifiko akan tsarin.

Akwai kayan aikin Linux da yawa waɗanda aka tsara don saka idanu/tafiyar matakai kamar killall, mai kyau haɗe tare da wasu da yawa.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gano yadda ake nemo matakai ta amfani da kayan aikin Linux mai albarka da ake kira fuser.

fuser ne mai sauƙi amma mai ƙarfi mai amfani da layin umarni wanda aka yi niyya don gano matakai dangane da fayiloli, kundayen adireshi ko soket wani tsari na musamman yana shiga. A takaice, yana taimaka wa mai amfani da tsarin gano matakai ta amfani da fayiloli ko soket.

Yadda ake amfani da fuser a cikin Linux Systems

Maganganun al'ada don amfani da fuser shine:

# fuser [options] [file|socket]
# fuser [options] -SIGNAL [file|socket]
# fuser -l 

A ƙasa akwai ƴan misalan amfani da fuser don gano matakai akan tsarin ku.

Gudun umarnin fuser ba tare da wani zaɓi ba zai nuna PIDs na tafiyar matakai a halin yanzu samun shiga cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu.

$ fuser .
OR
$ fuser /home/tecmint

Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da fitowar bayanai, kunna -v ko --verbose kamar haka. A cikin fitarwa, fuser yana buga sunan kundin adireshi na yanzu, sannan ginshiƙan mai tsari (USER), ID na tsari (PID), nau'in shiga (ACCESS) da umarni (COMMAND) kamar yadda yake cikin hoton da ke ƙasa.

$ fuser -v

Ƙarƙashin ginshiƙin ACCESS, za ku ga nau'ikan samun dama waɗanda haruffa masu zuwa ke nunawa:

  1. c - kundin adireshi na yanzu
  2. e - fayil ɗin da za a iya aiwatarwa yana gudana
  3. f – bude fayil, duk da haka, f ba a bar shi a cikin fitarwa
  4. F - buɗe fayil don rubutawa, F kuma an cire shi daga fitarwa
  5. r – tushen directory
  6. m - fayil ɗin da aka tsara ko ɗakin karatu mai raba

Bayan haka, zaku iya tantance waɗanne matakai ne ke shiga fayil ɗin ~.bashrc kamar haka:

$ fuser -v -m .bashrc

Zaɓin, -m SUNA ko --mount SUNA yana nufin suna duk hanyoyin shiga fayil ɗin NAME. Idan kun fitar da littafin adireshi azaman NAME, ana canza shi ba tare da bata lokaci ba zuwa NAME/ , don amfani da kowane tsarin fayil ɗin da aka ɗora akan wannan littafin.

A cikin wannan sashe za mu yi aiki ta amfani da fuser don kashewa da aika sigina zuwa matakai.

Domin kashe hanyoyin shiga fayil ko soket, yi amfani da zaɓin -k ko --kill zaɓi kamar haka:

$ sudo fuser -k .

Don kashe tsari tare, inda aka nemi ku tabbatar da niyyar kashe hanyoyin shiga fayil ko soket, yi amfani da -i ko --interactive zaɓi:

$ sudo fuser -ki .

Umarnin da suka gabata guda biyu zasu kashe duk hanyoyin shiga cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu, siginar da aka aika zuwa tsarin shine SIGKILL, sai dai lokacin amfani da -SIGNAL.

Kuna iya jera duk sigina ta amfani da zaɓukan -l ko --list-signals kamar ƙasa:

$ sudo fuser --list-signals 

Don haka, zaku iya aika sigina zuwa tsari kamar yadda yake a cikin umarni na gaba, inda SIGNAL shine kowane siginar da aka jera a cikin fitarwa a sama.

$ sudo fuser -k -SIGNAL

Misali, wannan umarni da ke ƙasa yana aika siginar HUP zuwa duk matakai waɗanda ke buɗe kundin adireshin ku na /boot.

$ sudo fuser -k -HUP /boot 

Yi ƙoƙarin karanta ta shafin fuser man don ci gaban zaɓuɓɓukan amfani, ƙarin da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.

Shi ke nan a yanzu, zaku iya tuntuɓar mu ta hanyar sashin ra'ayoyin da ke ƙasa don kowane taimako da kuke buƙata ko shawarwarin da kuke son bayarwa.