Yadda ake Gyara Username baya cikin fayil ɗin sudoers. Za a ba da rahoton wannan lamarin a cikin Ubuntu

A cikin tsarin Unix/Linux, asusun mai amfani tushen shine babban asusun mai amfani, don haka ana iya amfani da shi don yin komai da duk abin da ake iya cimmawa akan tsarin.

Duk da haka, wannan na iya zama haɗari sosai ta hanyoyi da yawa - wanda zai iya zama cewa tushen mai amfani zai iya shigar da umarnin da ba daidai ba kuma ya karya tsarin gaba ɗaya ko kuma mai hari ya sami damar yin amfani da asusun mai amfani da tushen kuma ya mallaki tsarin duka kuma wanda ya san abin da ya sani. /ta iya yiyuwa.

Dangane da wannan bangon, a cikin Ubuntu da abubuwan da suka samo asali, tushen asusun mai amfani yana kulle ta tsohuwa, masu amfani na yau da kullun (masu gudanar da tsarin ko a'a) suna iya samun babban gata na mai amfani kawai ta amfani da umarnin sudo.

Kuma ɗayan mafi munin abubuwan da za su iya faruwa ga mai sarrafa tsarin Ubuntu shine rasa gata don amfani da umarnin sudo, yanayin da aka fi sani da karshe sudo.

Ana iya haifar da karyewar sudo ta kowane ɗayan waɗannan masu zuwa:

  1. Bai kamata a cire mai amfani daga rukunin sudo ko admin ba.
  2. An canza fayil ɗin /etc/sudoers don hana masu amfani da sudo ko rukunin gudanarwa daga haɓaka gatansu zuwa tushen ta amfani da umarnin sudo.
  3. Ba a saita izinin fayil ɗin /etc/sudoers zuwa 0440.

Domin yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci akan tsarin ku kamar duba ko canza mahimman fayilolin tsarin, ko sabunta tsarin, kuna buƙatar umarnin sudo don samun babban gata na mai amfani. Me zai faru idan an hana ku amfani da sudo saboda ɗaya ko fiye na dalilan da muka ambata a sama.

A ƙasa akwai hoton da ke nuna yanayin da ake hana mai amfani da tsarin tsoho daga gudanar da umarnin sudo:

[email  ~ $ sudo visudo
[ sudo ] password for aaronkilik:
aaronkilik is not in the sudoers file.   This incident will be reported.

[email  ~ $ sudo apt install vim
[ sudo ] password for aaronkilik:
aaronkilik is not in the sudoers file.   This incident will be reported.

Yadda Ake Gyara Rushewar Sudo Command a Ubuntu

Idan kuna gudana Ubuntu kawai akan injin ku, bayan kunna shi, danna maɓallin Shift na ɗan daƙiƙa don samun menu na boot na Grub. A gefe guda, idan kuna aiki da dual-boot (Ubuntu tare da Windows ko Mac OS X), to ya kamata ku ga menu na taya na Grub ta tsohuwa.

Yin amfani da Arrow down, zaɓi \Zaɓuɓɓuka na ci gaba don Ubuntu kuma danna Shigar.

Za ku kasance a wurin da ke ƙasa, zaɓi kernel tare da zaɓin Yanayin farfadowa kamar yadda ke ƙasa kuma danna Shigar don ci gaba zuwa menu na farfadowa.

A ƙasa akwai Menu na farfadowa, yana nuna cewa tushen fayil ɗin an ɗora shi azaman karantawa kawai. Matsa zuwa layin root Drop to root shell prompt, sannan danna Shigar.

Na gaba, danna Shigar don kiyayewa:

A wannan gaba, ya kamata ku kasance a cikin hanzarin tushen harsashi. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, ana ɗora tsarin fayil ɗin azaman karantawa kawai, don haka, don yin canje-canje ga tsarin da muke buƙatar sake hawa kamar yadda karantawa/rubuta ta hanyar aiwatar da umarnin da ke ƙasa:

# mount -o rw,remount /

Tsammanin cewa an cire mai amfani daga rukunin sudo, don ƙara mai amfani zuwa rukunin sudo ya ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa:

# adduser username sudo

Lura: Ka tuna don amfani da ainihin sunan mai amfani akan tsarin, ga shari'ata, aronkilik ne.

Ko kuma, ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa an cire mai amfani daga rukunin gudanarwa, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:

# adduser username admin

A kan zaton cewa an canza fayil ɗin /etc/sudoers don hana masu amfani da sudo ko rukunin admin daga ɗaukaka gatansu zuwa na babban mai amfani, sannan yi ajiyar fayilolin sudoers kamar haka:

# cp /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.orginal

Daga baya, buɗe fayil ɗin sudoers.

# visudo

kuma ƙara abubuwan da ke ƙasa:

#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults        env_reset
Defaults        mail_badpass
Defaults        secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbi$

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

Da tsammanin cewa ba a saita izinin/sauransu/sudoers fayil zuwa 0440 ba, sannan gudanar da bin umarni don daidaita shi:

# chmod  0440  /etc/sudoers

Ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba, bayan gudanar da duk mahimman umarni, rubuta exit umarni don komawa zuwa Menu na Farko:

# exit

Yi amfani da Kibiya Dama don zaɓar Ok> kuma danna Shigar:

Latsa don ci gaba da jerin taya na al'ada:

Takaitawa

Wannan hanyar yakamata tayi aiki da kyau musamman lokacin da asusun mai amfani ya shiga, inda babu wani zaɓi sai don amfani da yanayin dawo da.

Koyaya, idan ya gaza yin aiki a gare ku, gwada dawo mana ta hanyar bayyana kwarewar ku ta sashin ra'ayoyin da ke ƙasa. Hakanan zaka iya ba da kowace shawara ko wasu hanyoyin da za a iya magance matsalar da ke hannun ko inganta wannan jagorar gaba ɗaya.