Koyi Yadda ake Sauƙaƙe Yanar Gizo Ta amfani da Nginx da Module Gzip

Ko da a lokacin da ake samun gagarumin saurin Intanet a duk faɗin duniya, ana maraba da duk ƙoƙarin inganta lokutan lodin gidan yanar gizo tare da buɗe hannu.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu tattauna hanyar da za a ƙara saurin canja wuri ta hanyar rage girman fayil ta hanyar matsawa. Wannan tsarin yana kawo ƙarin fa'ida ta yadda hakanan yana rage adadin bandwidth da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsari, kuma yana sanya shi mai rahusa ga mai gidan yanar gizon da ya biya.

Don cimma burin da aka bayyana a cikin sakin layi na sama, za mu yi amfani da Nginx da ginin gzip ɗin sa a cikin wannan labarin. Kamar yadda takaddun hukuma ke faɗi, wannan ƙirar matattara ce da ke danne martani ta amfani da sanannen hanyar matsawa gzip. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa girman bayanan da aka watsa za a matsa shi da rabi ko ma fiye da haka.

Har zuwa lokacin da kuka isa kasan wannan sakon, za ku sami wani dalili don yin la'akari da amfani da Nginx don hidimar gidajen yanar gizonku da aikace-aikacenku.

Ana shigar Nginx Web Server

Nginx yana samuwa don duk manyan rabawa na zamani. Kodayake za mu yi amfani da injin kama-da-wane na CentOS 7 (IP 192.168.0.29) don wannan labarin.

Umurnin da aka bayar a ƙasa za su yi aiki tare da gyare-gyare kaɗan (idan akwai) a cikin wasu rarraba kuma. Ana ɗauka cewa VM ɗinku sabo ne; in ba haka ba, dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa babu wasu sabar gidan yanar gizo (kamar Apache) da ke aiki akan injin ku.

Don shigar da Nginx tare da abubuwan dogaro da ake buƙata, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa:

----------- On CentOS/RHEL 7 and Fedora 22-24 ----------- 
# yum update && yum install nginx

----------- On Debian and Ubuntu Distributions ----------- 
# apt update && apt install nginx

Don tabbatar da cewa an gama shigarwa cikin nasara kuma Nginx na iya yin amfani da fayiloli, fara sabar gidan yanar gizo:

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

sa'an nan kuma buɗe mai binciken gidan yanar gizo kuma je zuwa http://192.168.0.29 (kada ku manta da maye gurbin 192.168.0.29 tare da adireshin IP ko sunan uwar garken uwar garken ku). Ya kamata ku ga shafin maraba:

Dole ne mu tuna cewa wasu nau'ikan fayil za a iya matsawa fiye da sauran. Fayilolin rubutu na fili (kamar HTML, CSS, da fayilolin JavaScript) suna matsawa sosai yayin da wasu (.files ɗin iso, tarballs, da hotuna, don suna kaɗan) ba sa, kamar yadda yanayi ya riga ya matsa su.

Don haka, ana tsammanin haɗuwa da Nginx da gzip za su ba mu damar haɓaka saurin canja wuri na tsohon, yayin da na ƙarshe na iya nuna kaɗan ko babu ci gaba.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa lokacin da aka kunna gzip module, fayilolin HTML koyaushe suna matsawa, amma sauran nau'ikan fayilolin da aka saba samu a cikin gidajen yanar gizo da aikace-aikacen (wato, CSS da JavaScript) ba.

Gwajin Gudun Yanar Gizon Nginx BA TARE da Module na gzip ba

Don farawa, bari mu zazzage cikakken samfurin Bootstrap, babban haɗin HTML, CSS, da fayilolin JavaScript.

Bayan zazzage fayil ɗin da aka matsa, za mu buɗe shi zuwa tushen tushen toshewar uwar garken mu (tuna cewa wannan shine Nginx daidai da umarnin DocumentRoot a cikin sanarwar mai masaukin baki na Apache):

# cd /var/www/html
# wget https://github.com/BlackrockDigital/startbootstrap-creative/archive/gh-pages.zip
# unzip -a gh-pages.zip
# mv startbootstrap-creative-gh-pages tecmint

Ya kamata ku sami tsarin shugabanci mai zuwa a cikin /var/www/html/tecmint:

# ls -l /var/www/html/tecmint

Yanzu je zuwa http://192.168.0.29/tecmint kuma a tabbata shafin yayi lodi daidai. Yawancin burauzar zamani sun haɗa da saitin kayan aikin haɓakawa. A cikin Firefox, zaku iya buɗe ta ta hanyar menu na Kayan aiki → Mai Haɓakawa Yanar Gizo.

Muna da sha'awar musamman ga ƙaramin menu na Network, wanda zai ba mu damar sanya ido kan duk buƙatun hanyar sadarwa da ke gudana tsakanin kwamfutarmu da cibiyar sadarwar gida da Intanet.

Gajerun hanya don buɗe menu na Network a cikin kayan aikin haɓaka shine Ctrl + Shift + Q. Latsa wannan haɗin maɓalli ko amfani da mashaya menu don buɗe shi.

Tun da muna sha'awar nazarin canja wurin fayilolin HTML, CSS, da JavaScript, danna maballin da ke ƙasa kuma sake sabunta shafin. A cikin babban allo za ku ga dalla-dalla na canja wurin duk fayilolin HTML, CSS, da JavaScript:

A hannun dama na ginshiƙin Girma (wanda ke nuna girman fayil ɗaya) zaku ga lokacin canja wurin kowane ɗayan. Hakanan zaka iya danna kowane fayil ɗin sau biyu don ganin ƙarin cikakkun bayanai a cikin Lokaci tab.

Tabbatar cewa kun ɗauki bayanan lokacin da aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke sama don ku iya kwatanta su da canja wuri ɗaya da zarar mun kunna gzip module.

Kunnawa da Sanya Module gzip a cikin Nginx

Don kunna da daidaita tsarin gzip, buɗe /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, gano babban toshewar uwar garken kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa, sannan ƙara ko gyara layin masu zuwa (kada ku manta da semicolon a karshen ko Nginx zai dawo da saƙon kuskure yayin sake farawa daga baya!)

root     	/var/www/html;
gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain image/jpeg image/png text/css text/javascript;

Umarnin gzip yana kunna ko kashe gzip module, yayin da ake amfani da gzip_types don jera duk nau'ikan MIME da tsarin ya kamata ya rike.

Don ƙarin koyo game da nau'ikan MIME da duba nau'ikan da ke akwai, je zuwa Basics_of_HTTP_MIME_types.

Gwajin Gudun Yanar Gizon Nginx Tare da Module Compression Gzip

Da zarar mun kammala matakan da ke sama, bari mu sake kunna Nginx kuma mu sake shigar da shafin ta latsa Ctrl + F5 (kuma, wannan yana aiki a Firefox, don haka idan kuna amfani da wani mashigin daban, tuntuɓi farkon takaddun daidai). don soke cache kuma bari mu lura da lokutan canja wuri:

# systemctl restart nginx

Shafin buƙatun cibiyar sadarwa yana nuna wasu mahimman ci gaba. Kwatanta lokutan da za ku gani da kanku, la'akari da cewa canja wuri tsakanin kwamfutarmu da 192.168.0.29 (canjawa tsakanin sabar Google da CDN sun wuce fahimtarmu):

Misali, bari mu yi la'akari da misalan canja wurin fayil masu zuwa kafin/bayan kunna gzip. Ana ba da lokaci a cikin millise seconds:

index.html (wakilta /tecmint/ a saman jerin): 15/4
Creative.min.css: 18/8
jquery.min.js: 17/7

Shin wannan baya sa ku ƙara son Nginx? Kamar yadda na damu, yana yi!

Takaitawa

A cikin wannan labarin mun nuna cewa zaku iya amfani da tsarin Nginx gzip don hanzarta canja wurin fayil. Takaddun hukuma don gzip module yana lissafin wasu ƙa'idodin daidaitawa waɗanda ƙila za ku so ku duba.

Bugu da ƙari, gidan yanar gizon Developer Network na Mozilla yana da shigarwa game da Cibiyar Sadarwar Sadarwar da ke bayanin yadda ake amfani da wannan kayan aiki don fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a bayan fage a cikin buƙatar hanyar sadarwa.

Kamar koyaushe, jin daɗin amfani da fom ɗin sharhi a ƙasa idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan labarin. Kullum muna jiran ji daga gare ku!