4 Mafi kyawun Linux Boot Loaders

Lokacin da kuka kunna na'urar ku, nan da nan bayan an gama POST (Power On Self Test) cikin nasara, BIOS yana gano madaidaitan kafofin watsa labarai na bootable, sannan ya karanta wasu umarni daga babban rikodin boot (MBR) ko GUID partition table wanda shine farkon 512 bytes. na kafofin watsa labarai bootable. MBR yana ƙunshe da mahimman bayanai guda biyu, ɗaya shine bootloader da biyu, tebirin partition.

Boot loader ƙaramin shiri ne da aka adana a cikin tebur ɗin MBR ko GUID wanda ke taimakawa wajen loda tsarin aiki zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Idan ba tare da mai ɗaukar kaya ba, ba za a iya loda tsarin aikin ku zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba.

Akwai da yawa bootloaders da za mu iya shigar tare da Linux a kan tsarinmu kuma a cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi magana a taƙaice game da ɗimbin mafi kyawun bootloaders na Linux don yin aiki da su.

1. GNU GRUB

GNU GRUB shahararre ne kuma mai yiwuwa mafi yawan amfani da manyan bootloader na boot ɗin Linux yana samuwa, dangane da ainihin GRUB (GRand Unified Bootlader) wanda Eirch Stefan Broleyn ya ƙirƙira. Ya zo tare da haɓakawa da yawa, sabbin abubuwa da gyaran kwari azaman haɓakawa na ainihin shirin GRUB.

Mahimmanci, GRUB 2 yanzu ya maye gurbin GRUB. Kuma musamman, sunan GRUB an sake masa suna zuwa GRUB Legacy kuma ba a haɓaka shi sosai ba, duk da haka, ana iya amfani da shi don tayar da tsofaffin tsarin tunda har yanzu ana ci gaba da gyaran bug.

GRUB yana da manyan fasaloli masu zuwa:

  1. Yana goyan bayan multiboot
  2. Yana goyan bayan gine-ginen kayan aiki da yawa da tsarin aiki kamar Linux da Windows
  3. Yana ba da hanyar haɗin layin umarni mai kama da Bash don masu amfani don gudanar da umarnin GRUB tare da yin hulɗa tare da fayilolin sanyi
  4. Yana ba da damar shiga editan GRUB
  5. Yana goyan bayan saitin kalmomin shiga tare da ɓoyewa don tsaro
  6. Yana goyan bayan booting daga hanyar sadarwa hade da wasu ƙananan abubuwa da yawa

Ziyarci Shafin Gida: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/

2. LILO (Linux Loader)

LILO mai sauƙi ne amma mai ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali na Linux bootloader. Tare da haɓaka shahara da amfani da GRUB, wanda ya zo tare da haɓakawa da yawa da fasali mai ƙarfi, LILO ya zama ƙasa da shahara tsakanin masu amfani da Linux.

Yayin da take lodawa, ana nuna kalmar LILO akan allo kuma kowace wasiƙa tana bayyana gabanin ko bayan faruwar wani lamari, amma an dakatar da ci gaban LILO a watan Disambar 2015, yana da fasali da yawa kamar yadda aka jera a ƙasa:

  1. Ba ya bayar da mu'amalar layin umarni
  2. Yana goyan bayan lambobin kuskure da yawa
  3. Ba ya bayar da tallafi don yin booting daga hanyar sadarwa
  4. Dukkan fayilolinsa ana adana su a cikin silinda 1024 na farko na tuƙi
  5. Yana fuskantar iyaka tare da BTFS, GPT da RAID da ƙari da yawa.

Ziyarci Shafin Gida: http://lilo.alioth.debian.org/

3. BURG - Sabuwar Boot Loader

Dangane da GRUB, BURG shine ingantacciyar sabuwar mai ɗaukar kaya ta Linux. Saboda an samo shi daga GRUB, yana jigilar kaya tare da wasu manyan abubuwan GRUB na farko, duk da haka, yana ba da fasali na ban mamaki kamar sabon tsarin abu don tallafawa dandamali da yawa ciki har da Linux, Windows, Mac OS, FreeBSD da kuma bayan.

Bugu da ƙari, yana goyan bayan ingantaccen tsarin rubutu da menu na taya mai hoto, rafi da shirye-shiryen ingantawa na gaba don yin aiki tare da na'urorin shigarwa/fitarwa daban-daban.

Ziyarci Shafin Gida: https://launchpad.net/burg

4. Syslinux

Syslinux wani nau'in nau'in nau'in bootloaders ne masu nauyi wanda ke ba da damar yin aiki daga CD-ROMs, daga hanyar sadarwa da sauransu. Yana goyan bayan tsarin fayiloli kamar FAT don MS-DOS, da ext2, ext3, ext4 don Linux. Hakanan yana goyan bayan na'ura guda ɗaya Btrfs mara nauyi.

Lura cewa Syslinux yana samun damar fayiloli ne kawai a cikin ɓangaren nasa, don haka, baya bayar da damar boot ɗin tsarin fayiloli da yawa.

Ziyarci Shafin Gida: http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Syslinux_Project

Mai ɗaukar bootloader yana ba ku damar sarrafa tsarin aiki da yawa akan injin ku kuma zaɓi wanda za ku yi amfani da shi a wani lokaci, idan ba tare da shi ba, injin ku ba zai iya loda kernel da sauran fayilolin tsarin aiki ba.

Shin mun rasa kowane mai ɗaukar kaya na Linux na tukwici a nan? Idan haka ne, to bari mu sani ta amfani da fam ɗin sharhin da ke ƙasa ta hanyar ba da shawarwari na kowane abin yabawa bootloaders wanda zai iya tallafawa tsarin aiki na Linux.