Yadda Ake Rubutun Rubutun Ta Amfani da Harshen Shirye-shiryen Awk - Part 13

Tun daga farkon jerin Awk har zuwa Sashe na 12, muna rubuta ƙananan umarni da shirye-shirye na Awk akan layin umarni da kuma cikin rubutun harsashi bi da bi.

Duk da haka, Awk, kamar yadda Shell, kuma harshe ne da aka fassara, saboda haka, tare da duk abin da muka yi tafiya a ciki tun daga farkon wannan jerin, za ku iya rubuta rubutun Awk.

Kamar yadda muke rubuta rubutun harsashi, Awk rubutun suna farawa da layi:

#! /path/to/awk/utility -f

Misali akan tsarina, Awk utility yana cikin /usr/bin/awk, saboda haka, zan fara rubutun Awk kamar haka:

#! /usr/bin/awk -f

Yin bayanin layin da ke sama:

  1. #! - ana kiransa Shebang, wanda ke ƙayyadad da mai fassara don umarnin a cikin rubutun
  2. /usr/bin/awk - shine mai fassara
  3. -f - zaɓin fassara, ana amfani da shi don karanta fayil ɗin shirin

Wannan ya ce, bari yanzu mu nutse cikin kallon wasu misalan rubutun Awk da za a iya aiwatarwa, za mu iya farawa da sauƙin rubutun da ke ƙasa. Yi amfani da editan da kuka fi so don buɗe sabon fayil kamar haka:

$ vi script.awk

Kuma liƙa lambar da ke ƙasa a cikin fayil:

#!/usr/bin/awk -f 
BEGIN { printf "%s\n","Writing my first Awk executable script!" }

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita, sannan sanya rubutun aiwatarwa ta hanyar ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa:

$ chmod +x script.awk

Bayan haka, gudanar da shi:

$ ./script.awk

Writing my first Awk executable script!

Dole ne mai shirya shirye-shirye mai mahimmanci a can yana tambaya, Ina comments?, Ee, zaku iya haɗawa da sharhi a cikin rubutun ku na Awk. Rubuta sharhi a cikin lambar ku koyaushe kyakkyawan tsarin shirye-shirye ne.

Yana taimaka wa sauran masu shirye-shirye da ke duba lambar ku don fahimtar abin da kuke ƙoƙarin cimma a kowane sashe na rubutun ko fayil ɗin shirin.

Don haka, zaku iya haɗa sharhi a cikin rubutun da ke sama kamar haka.

#!/usr/bin/awk -f 

#This is how to write a comment in Awk
#using the BEGIN special pattern to print a sentence 

BEGIN { printf "%s\n","Writing my first Awk executable script!" }

Na gaba, za mu kalli misali inda muke karanta shigarwa daga fayil. Muna son nemo mai amfani da tsarin mai suna aronkilik a cikin fayil ɗin asusun, /etc/passwd, sannan a buga sunan mai amfani, ID mai amfani da GID mai amfani kamar haka:

A ƙasa akwai abubuwan da ke cikin rubutun mu mai suna second.awk.

#! /usr/bin/awk -f 

#use BEGIN sepecial character to set FS built-in variable
BEGIN { FS=":" }

#search for username: aaronkilik and print account details 
/aaronkilik/ { print "Username :",$1,"User ID :",$3,"User GID :",$4 }

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita, sanya rubutun aiwatarwa kuma aiwatar da shi kamar ƙasa:

$ chmod +x second.awk
$ ./second.awk /etc/passwd

Username : aaronkilik User ID : 1000 User GID : 1000

A cikin misali na ƙarshe da ke ƙasa, za mu yi amfani da yi yayin sanarwa don buga lambobi daga 0-10:

A ƙasa akwai abubuwan da ke cikin rubutun mu mai suna do.awk.

#! /usr/bin/awk -f 

#printing from 0-10 using a do while statement 
#do while statement 
BEGIN {
#initialize a counter
x=0

do {
    print x;
    x+=1;
}
while(x<=10)
}

Bayan adana fayil ɗin, sanya rubutun aiwatarwa kamar yadda muka yi a baya. Bayan haka, gudanar da shi:

$ chmod +x do.awk
$ ./do.awk

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Takaitawa

Mun zo karshen wannan silsilar Awk mai ban sha'awa, ina fatan kun koyi abubuwa da yawa daga dukkan bangarori 13, a matsayin gabatarwa ga yaren shirye-shiryen Awk.

Kamar yadda na ambata tun da farko, Awk cikakken yaren sarrafa rubutu ne, saboda wannan dalili, zaku iya ƙarin koyan wasu fannoni na yaren shirye-shiryen Awk kamar canjin yanayi, tsararru, ayyuka (gina-in & ma’anar mai amfani) da kuma bayan.

Har yanzu akwai ƙarin sassa na shirye-shiryen Awk don koyo da ƙwarewa, don haka, a ƙasa, na ba da wasu hanyoyin haɗi zuwa mahimman albarkatun kan layi waɗanda za ku iya amfani da su don faɗaɗa ƙwarewar shirye-shiryen ku na Awk, waɗannan ba lallai ba ne duk abin da kuke buƙata, zaku iya duba. fita don amfani Awk shirye-shirye littattafai.

Rubuce-rubucen Magana: Shirye-shiryen Harshe AWK

Don duk wani tunani da kuke son raba ko tambayoyi, yi amfani da fam ɗin sharhin da ke ƙasa. Tuna koyaushe ku ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Tecment don ƙarin jerin abubuwa masu kayatarwa.