Farawa da Shirye-shiryen Python da Rubutu a cikin Linux - Kashi na 1

An ce (kuma sau da yawa hukumomin daukar ma'aikata suna buƙata) cewa masu gudanar da tsarin suna buƙatar ƙware a cikin yaren rubutun. Yayin da yawancinmu na iya jin daɗin amfani da Bash (ko wasu harsashi na zaɓinmu) don gudanar da rubutun layin umarni, harshe mai ƙarfi kamar Python na iya ƙara fa'idodi da yawa.

Da farko, Python yana ba mu damar samun damar kayan aikin yanayin layin umarni da yin amfani da fasalulluka na Shirye-shiryen Hannun Abu (ƙari akan wannan daga baya a cikin wannan labarin).

A saman sa, koyon Python na iya haɓaka aikin ku a fagagen kimiyyar bayanai.

Kasancewa da sauƙin koyo, ana amfani da su sosai, da kuma samun ɗimbin shirye-shiryen da za a yi amfani da su (fayil ɗin waje waɗanda ke ɗauke da maganganun Python), ba mamaki Python shine yaren da aka fi so don koyar da shirye-shirye ga ɗaliban kimiyyar kwamfuta na farko a United Jihohi.

A cikin wannan jerin jigo na 2 za mu yi bitar tushen tushen Python da fatan za ku same shi da amfani a matsayin madogararsa don fara ku da shirye-shirye kuma a matsayin jagorar bincike mai sauri daga baya. Wannan ya ce, bari mu fara.

Python a cikin Linux

Sifukan Python 2.x da 3.x galibi ana samun su a yawancin rarrabawar Linux na zamani daga cikin akwatin. Kuna iya shigar da harsashi Python ta buga python ko python3 a cikin kwailin ku na tashar ku fita tare da bar() :

$ which python
$ which python3
$ python -v
$ python3 -v
$ python
>>> quit()
$ python3
>>> quit()

Idan kana so ka watsar da Python 2.x kuma kayi amfani da 3.x maimakon lokacin da kake buga Python, zaka iya canza madaidaitan hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo kamar haka:

$ sudo rm /usr/bin/python 
$ cd /usr/bin
$ ln -s python3.2 python # Choose the Python 3.x binary here

Af, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ko da yake ana amfani da nau'ikan 2.x, ba a kiyaye su sosai. Don haka, ƙila za ku so kuyi la'akari da canzawa zuwa 3.x kamar yadda aka nuna a sama. Tun da akwai wasu bambance-bambancen ma'ana tsakanin 2.x da 3.x, za mu mai da hankali kan na ƙarshe a cikin wannan jerin.

Wata hanyar da za ku iya amfani da Python a cikin Linux ita ce ta IDLE (Python Integrated Development Environment), ƙirar mai amfani da hoto don rubuta lambar Python. Kafin shigar da shi, yana da kyau a yi bincike don gano nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke akwai don rarraba ku:

# aptitude search idle     [Debian and derivatives]
# yum search idle          [CentOS and Fedora]
# dnf search idle          [Fedora 23+ version]

Sannan, zaku iya shigar dashi kamar haka:

$ sudo aptitude install idle-python3.2    # I'm using Linux Mint 13

Da zarar an shigar, zaku ga allon mai zuwa bayan ƙaddamar da IDLE. Yayin da yake kama da harsashi na Python, kuna iya yin ƙari da IDLE fiye da harsashi.

Misali, zaku iya:

1. Buɗe fayilolin waje cikin sauƙi (Fayil → Buɗe).

+ Kammalawa ta atomatik a wasu IDEs), 5) canza nau'in rubutu da girman, da ƙari mai yawa.

A saman wannan, zaku iya amfani da IDLE don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen tebur.

Tun da ba za mu haɓaka aikace-aikacen tebur ba a cikin wannan jerin jigo na 2, jin daɗin zaɓi tsakanin IDLE da harsashi na Python don bin misalan.