LFCS: Yadda ake Sarrafa da Ƙirƙirar LVM ta Amfani da vgcreate, lvcreate da lvextend Commands - Part 11

Saboda canje-canje a cikin buƙatun jarrabawar LFCS masu tasiri ga Fabrairu. 2, 2016, muna ƙara mahimman batutuwa zuwa jerin LFCE kuma.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin yanke shawara yayin shigar da tsarin Linux shine adadin sararin ajiya da za a ware don fayilolin tsarin, kundin adireshi na gida, da sauransu. Idan kun yi kuskure a wannan lokacin, haɓaka ɓangaren da ya ƙare sararin samaniya zai iya zama nauyi da ɗan haɗari.

Gudanar da Juzu'i na Ma'ana (kuma aka sani da LVM), waɗanda suka zama tsoho don shigarwa na yawancin (idan ba duka ba) rarrabawar Linux, suna da fa'idodi masu yawa akan sarrafa rarrabawar gargajiya. Wataƙila mafi bambance-bambancen fasalin LVM shine yana ba da damar daidaita rarrabuwa na hankali (raguwa ko ƙarawa) yadda yake so ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba.

Tsarin LVM ya ƙunshi:

An saita gaba ɗaya ko fiye gaba ɗaya faifai ko ɓangarori azaman juzu'i na zahiri (PVs).
An ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar ƙara (VG) ta amfani da juzu'i ɗaya ko fiye na jiki. Kuna iya tunanin ƙungiyar girma azaman rukunin ma'aji guda ɗaya.
Za a iya ƙirƙira juzu'i masu ma'ana da yawa a cikin rukunin ƙara. Kowane juzu'i na ma'ana yana da ɗan daidai da rarrabuwar al'ada - tare da fa'idar cewa za'a iya canza shi yadda ake so kamar yadda muka ambata a baya.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi amfani da diski uku na 8 GB kowanne (/ dev/sdb,/dev/sdc, da/dev/sdd) don ƙirƙirar kundin jiki guda uku. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar PVs kai tsaye a saman na'urar, ko fara raba shi.

Kodayake mun zaɓa don tafiya tare da hanyar farko, idan kun yanke shawarar tafiya tare da na biyu (kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Sashe na 4 - Ƙirƙiri Ƙirƙiri da Tsarin Fayil a cikin Linux na wannan jerin) tabbatar da saita kowane bangare kamar nau'in 8e< /kodi>.

`Ƙirƙirar Ƙirar Jiki, Ƙungiyoyin Ƙirarriya, da Ƙaƙƙarfan Hankali`

Don ƙirƙirar kundin jiki a saman /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, da /dev/sdd, yi:

# pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

Kuna iya jera sabbin PVs da aka ƙirƙira tare da:

# pvs

kuma sami cikakken bayani game da kowane PV tare da:

# pvdisplay /dev/sdX

(inda X yake b, c, ko d)

Idan kun bar /dev/sdX azaman siga, zaku sami bayani game da duk PVs.

Don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar ƙara mai suna vg00 ta amfani da /dev/sdb da /dev/sdc (zamu adana /dev/sdd ) don daga baya don kwatanta yuwuwar ƙara wasu na'urori don faɗaɗa ƙarfin ajiya lokacin da ake buƙata):

# vgcreate vg00 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc

Kamar yadda lamarin ya kasance tare da juzu'i na zahiri, Hakanan zaka iya duba bayanai game da wannan rukunin juzu'i ta hanyar ba da:

# vgdisplay vg00

Tunda aka kafa vg00 tare da faifai guda 8 GB guda biyu, zai bayyana azaman tuƙi guda 16 GB:




Lokacin da yazo don ƙirƙirar kundin ma'ana, rarraba sararin samaniya dole ne yayi la'akari da bukatun yanzu da na gaba. Ana ganin kyakkyawan aiki don suna kowane ƙarar ma'ana gwargwadon amfani da shi.
Misali, bari mu ƙirƙiri LVs guda biyu masu suna vol_projects (10 GB) da vol_backups (sauran sarari), waɗanda za mu iya amfani da su daga baya don adana takaddun aikin da madaidaitan tsarin, bi da bi.
Ana amfani da zaɓin -n don nuna suna ga LV, yayin da -L yana saita ƙayyadaddun girman kuma -l (ƙananan L) shine da aka yi amfani da shi don nuna kashi na ragowar sarari a cikin akwati VG.
# lvcreate -n vol_projects -L 10G vg00
# lvcreate -n vol_backups -l 100%FREE vg00
Kamar yadda ya gabata, zaku iya duba jerin LVs da mahimman bayanai tare da:
# lvs
da cikakken bayani tare da
# lvdisplay
Don duba bayani game da LV guda ɗaya, yi amfani da lvdisplay tare da VG da LV azaman sigogi, kamar haka:
# lvdisplay vg00/vol_projects
A cikin hoton da ke sama muna iya ganin cewa an ƙirƙiri LVs azaman na'urorin ajiya (koma zuwa layin LV Path). Kafin a iya amfani da kowane ƙarar ma'ana, muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar tsarin fayil a samansa.
Za mu yi amfani da ext4 a matsayin misali a nan tunda yana ba mu damar ƙarawa da rage girman kowane LV (saɓanin xfs waɗanda ke ba da damar ƙara girman kawai):
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg00/vol_projects
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg00/vol_backups
A cikin sashe na gaba za mu yi bayanin yadda ake sake girman kundin ma'ana da kuma ƙara ƙarin sararin ajiya na zahiri lokacin da bukatar yin hakan ta taso.
Maimaita Mahimman Juzu'i da Ƙarfafa Ƙungiyoyin Ƙarfafawa
Yanzu hoton yanayin da ke gaba. Kuna fara ƙarewa a cikin vol_backups, yayin da kuna da sarari da yawa a cikin vol_projects. Saboda yanayin LVM, za mu iya sauƙi rage girman na karshen (ce 2.5 GB) kuma mu ware shi don tsohon, yayin da yake sake girman kowane tsarin fayil a lokaci guda.


Abin farin ciki, wannan yana da sauƙi kamar yin:
# lvreduce -L -2.5G -r /dev/vg00/vol_projects
# lvextend -l +100%FREE -r /dev/vg00/vol_backups
Yana da mahimmanci a haɗa alamar (-)  ko da alamar (+) yayin da ake sake girman girman ma'ana. In ba haka ba, kuna saita ƙayyadaddun girman LV maimakon sake girmansa.
Yana iya faruwa cewa kun isa a wani lokaci lokacin da sake girman kundin ma'ana ba zai iya magance bukatun ajiyar ku ba kuma kuna buƙatar siyan ƙarin na'urar ajiya. Tsayawa shi mai sauƙi, kuna buƙatar wani faifai. Za mu kwaikwayi wannan yanayin ta ƙara sauran PV daga saitin mu na farko (/dev/sdd).
Don ƙara /dev/sdd zuwa vg00, yi
# vgextend vg00 /dev/sdd
Idan kun kunna vgdisplay vg00 kafin da bayan umarnin da ya gabata, zaku ga haɓakar girman VG:
# vgdisplay vg00
Yanzu zaku iya amfani da sabon ƙarin sarari don sake girman LVs ɗin da ke akwai gwargwadon buƙatun ku, ko don ƙirƙirar ƙarin kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Hawan Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙirar Hankali akan Boot da Buƙatar
Tabbas babu wata ma'ana a ƙirƙirar kundin ma'ana idan ba za mu yi amfani da su a zahiri ba! Don mafi kyawun gano ƙarar ma'ana za mu buƙaci gano menene UUID (siffar da ba ta canzawa wacce ke keɓance na'urar da aka tsara ta musamman).
Don yin haka, yi amfani da blkid da hanyar zuwa kowace na'ura:
# blkid /dev/vg00/vol_projects
# blkid /dev/vg00/vol_backups
Ƙirƙiri wuraren tudu don kowane LV:
# mkdir /home/projects
# mkdir /home/backups
kuma saka abubuwan da suka dace a cikin /etc/fstab (tabbatar amfani da UUIDs da aka samu a baya):
UUID=b85df913-580f-461c-844f-546d8cde4646 /home/projects	ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=e1929239-5087-44b1-9396-53e09db6eb9e /home/backups ext4	defaults 0 0
Sannan ajiye canje-canje kuma ku hau LVs:
# mount -a
# mount | grep home
Idan ya zo ga yin amfani da LVs a zahiri, kuna buƙatar sanya izini daidai ugo+rwx kamar yadda aka bayyana a Sashe na 8 - Sarrafa Masu amfani da Ƙungiyoyi a cikin Linux na wannan jerin.
Takaitawa
A cikin wannan labarin mun gabatar da Sashe na 6 - Ƙirƙiri da Sarrafa RAID a cikin Linux na wannan jerin), za ku iya jin dadin ba kawai scalability (wanda LVM ke bayarwa) amma har ma da sakewa (wanda RAID ke bayarwa).
A cikin irin wannan saitin, yawanci zaku sami LVM akan RAID, wato, saita RAID da farko sannan ku saita LVM akansa.
Idan kuna da tambayoyi game da wannan labarin, ko shawarwari don inganta shi, jin daɗin isa gare mu ta amfani da fom ɗin sharhi da ke ƙasa.