Yadda ake Gudu ko Maimaita Dokar Linux Kowane Daƙiƙa X Har abada

Mai sarrafa tsarin sau da yawa yana buƙatar gudanar da umarni akai-akai a cikin wani ɗan lokaci. Yawancin lokaci ana iya kammala irin waɗannan ayyuka cikin sauƙi tare da umarni na cron masu sauƙi. A mafi yawan lokuta wannan ya kamata yayi aiki, amma mafi ƙarancin lokacin da zaku iya gudanar da umarnin cron shine kowane minti 1. Ku yi imani da shi ko a'a, a yawancin lokuta wannan yana jinkiri sosai.

A cikin wannan koyawa, zaku koyi dabarun rubutu masu sauƙi don saka idanu ko sanya ido kan takamaiman umarni a cikin ci gaba da gudana mai kama da babban umarni (ci gaba da saka idanu kan tsari da amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya) na kowane sakan 3 ta tsohuwa.

Ba za mu tsaya don tattauna dalilan ba, dalilin da yasa kuke buƙatar aiwatar da umarni akai-akai. Na yi imani kowa yana da dalilai daban-daban na hakan a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun ko ma a PC da kwamfyutocin gida.

1. Yi amfani da umarnin agogo

Watch umarni ne na Linux wanda ke ba ku damar aiwatar da umarni ko shirye-shirye lokaci-lokaci kuma yana nuna muku fitarwa akan allo. Wannan yana nufin cewa zaku iya ganin fitowar shirin cikin lokaci. Ta hanyar tsoho agogon yana sake aiwatar da umarni/shirin kowane sakan 2. Ana iya canza tazarar cikin sauƙi don biyan buƙatun ku.

Watch yana da sauƙin amfani, don gwada shi, za ku iya kunna tashar Linux nan da nan kuma rubuta umarni mai zuwa:

# watch free -m

Umurnin da ke sama zai duba tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kyauta kuma ya sabunta sakamakon umarnin kyauta kowane daƙiƙa biyu.

Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin abubuwan da ke sama, kuna da kan kai, mai nuna bayanai game da (daga hagu zuwa dama) tazarar sabuntawa, umarnin da ake aiwatarwa da kuma lokacin yanzu. Idan kuna son ɓoye wannan taken, kuna iya amfani da zaɓin -t.

Tambaya mai ma'ana ta gaba ita ce - yadda ake canza tazarar kisa. Don wannan dalili, za ka iya amfani da zaɓin -n, wanda ke ƙayyadad da tazarar lokacin da za a aiwatar da umarnin. An ƙayyade wannan tazara a cikin daƙiƙa. Don haka bari mu ce kuna son gudanar da fayil ɗin script.sh kowane sakan 10, kuna iya yin shi kamar haka:

# watch -n 10 script.sh

Lura cewa idan kuna gudanar da umarni kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, kuna buƙatar cd zuwa ga directory (koyi Koyi 15 cd Misalin Umurni) inda rubutun yake ko in ba haka ba saka cikakken hanyar zuwa wannan rubutun.

Wasu zaɓuɓɓuka masu amfani na umarnin agogo sune:

  1. -b - yana ƙirƙirar sautin ƙara idan ficewar umarnin ba sifili bane.
  2. -c - Yana Fassara jerin kalar ANSI.
  3. -d - yana haskaka canje-canje a cikin fitarwar umarni.

Bari mu ce kuna son saka idanu masu amfani da shiga, lokacin sabar uwar garke da ɗaukar matsakaicin fitarwa a cikin ci gaba a kowane ƴan daƙiƙa, sannan yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa kamar yadda aka nuna:

# watch uptime

Don fita umurnin, danna CTRL+C.

Anan, umarnin uptime zai gudana kuma zai nuna sakamakon da aka sabunta kowane sakan 2 ta tsohuwa.

A cikin Linux, yayin da ake kwafin fayiloli daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani ta amfani da umarnin cp, ba a nuna ci gaban bayanai, don ganin ci gaban da ake kwafin bayanai, kuna iya amfani da watch umarni tare da umarnin du-s don duba amfanin faifai a ainihin lokacin.

# cp ubuntu-15.10-desktop-amd64.iso /home/tecmint/ &
# watch -n 0.1 du -s /home/tecmint/ubuntu-15.10-desktop-amd64.iso

Idan kuna tunanin cewa tsarin da ke sama yana da wahala sosai don cimmawa, to, ina ba ku shawara ku je ga Advance copy Command, wanda ke nuna ci gaban bayanai yayin yin kwafi.

2. Yi amfani da umarnin barci

Ana amfani da barci sau da yawa don gyara rubutun harsashi, amma yana da wasu dalilai masu amfani da yawa kuma. Misali, idan aka haɗe shi da don ko yayin da madaukai, zaku iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako.

Idan kun kasance sababbi ga rubutun bash, zaku iya duba jagorarmu game da madaukai na bash anan.

Idan wannan shine karo na farko da kuka ji labarin \barci\ umarni, ana amfani da shi don jinkirta wani abu na ƙayyadadden lokaci. A cikin rubutun, zaku iya amfani da shi don gaya wa rubutun ku don gudanar da umarni 1, jira na daƙiƙa 10 sannan ku gudanar da umarni 2.

Tare da madaukai na sama, zaku iya gaya wa bash don gudanar da umarni, barci na adadin daƙiƙan N sannan kuma sake aiwatar da umarnin.

A ƙasa zaku iya ganin misalan madaukai biyu:

# for i in {1..10}; do echo -n "This is a test in loop $i "; date ; sleep 5; done

Layi ɗaya na sama, zai gudanar da echo kuma ya nuna kwanan watan, jimlar sau 10, tare da barcin daƙiƙa 5 tsakanin kisa.

Ga samfurin fitarwa:

This is a test in loop 1 Wed Feb 17 20:49:47 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 2 Wed Feb 17 20:49:52 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 3 Wed Feb 17 20:49:57 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 4 Wed Feb 17 20:50:02 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 5 Wed Feb 17 20:50:07 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 6 Wed Feb 17 20:50:12 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 7 Wed Feb 17 20:50:17 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 8 Wed Feb 17 20:50:22 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 9 Wed Feb 17 20:50:27 EET 2016
This is a test in loop 10 Wed Feb 17 20:50:32 EET 2016

Kuna iya canza echo da kwanan wata umarni tare da umarnin ku ko rubutun ku kuma canza tazarar barci gwargwadon buƙatun ku.

# while true; do echo -n "This is a test of while loop";date ; sleep 5; done

Ga samfurin fitarwa:

This is a test of while loopWed Feb 17 20:52:32 EET 2016
This is a test of while loopWed Feb 17 20:52:37 EET 2016
This is a test of while loopWed Feb 17 20:52:42 EET 2016
This is a test of while loopWed Feb 17 20:52:47 EET 2016
This is a test of while loopWed Feb 17 20:52:52 EET 2016
This is a test of while loopWed Feb 17 20:52:57 EET 2016

Umarnin da ke sama zai yi aiki har sai mai amfani ya kashe shi ko ya katse shi. Zai iya zuwa da amfani idan kuna buƙatar gudanar da umarni yana gudana a bango kuma ba kwa son ƙidaya akan cron.

Muhimmi: Lokacin amfani da hanyoyin da ke sama, ana ba da shawarar sosai cewa ka saita tazara mai tsayi don ba da isasshen lokacin umarninka don gama gudu, kafin aiwatarwa na gaba.

Kammalawa

Samfuran da ke cikin wannan koyawa suna da amfani, amma ba a nufin su maye gurbin amfanin cron gaba ɗaya ba. Ya rage naku don nemo wanne yafi dacewa da ku, amma idan zamu raba amfani da fasahohin biyu, zan faɗi haka:

  1. Yi amfani da cron lokacin da kuke buƙatar aiwatar da umarni lokaci-lokaci koda bayan sake kunna tsarin.
  2. Yi amfani da hanyoyin da aka bayyana a cikin wannan koyawa don shirye-shirye/rubutun da ake nufin su gudana cikin zaman mai amfani na yanzu.

Kamar koyaushe idan kuna da tambayoyi ko sharhi, kada ku yi shakka a gabatar da su a cikin sashin sharhin da ke ƙasa.