Menene APT da Aptitude? kuma menene ainihin Bambanci Tsakaninsu?
Aptitude da apt-get su ne manyan kayan aikin guda biyu waɗanda ke sarrafa sarrafa fakitin. Dukansu suna iya sarrafa kowane irin ayyuka a kan kunshe-kunshe ciki har da shigarwa, kau, search da dai sauransu Amma har yanzu akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin biyu da kayan aikin da sa masu amfani fi son daya a kan sauran. Menene waɗannan bambance-bambancen da ke sa waɗannan kayan aikin guda biyu za a yi la'akari da su daban shine iyakar wannan labarin.
Menene Apt
Apt ko Advanced Packaging Tool kyauta ne kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe software wanda cikin alheri yana sarrafa shigarwa da cire software. Da farko an tsara shi don fakitin Debian na .deb amma an sanya shi dacewa da Manajan Fakitin RPM.
Apt gabaɗayan layin umarni ne ba tare da GUI ba. Duk lokacin da aka kira shi daga layin umarni tare da tantance sunan kunshin da za a shigar, yana samun wannan fakitin a cikin tsararrun jerin hanyoyin da aka kayyade a cikin '/etc/apt/sources.list' tare da jerin abubuwan dogaro ga wannan fakitin kuma ya tsara su kuma shigar da su ta atomatik tare da kunshin na yanzu don haka barin mai amfani kada ya damu da shigar da abin dogaro.
Yana da sauƙin sassauƙa sosai yana bawa mai amfani damar sarrafa saiti daban-daban cikin sauƙi, kamar: ƙara kowane sabon tushe don bincika fakiti, daidaitacce watau alamar duk wani kunshin da ba ya samuwa yayin haɓaka tsarin don haka sanya sigar ta na yanzu ta zama sigar ƙarshe ta shigar,\smart ” haɓakawa watau haɓaka mafi mahimman fakiti da barin mafi ƙarancin mahimmanci.
Menene Aptitude?
Ƙarshen gaba ga kayan aikin marufi na ci gaba wanda ke ƙara ƙirar mai amfani zuwa aiki, don haka ba da damar mai amfani don bincika fakitin tare da shigar ko cire shi. Da farko an ƙirƙira don Debain, Aptitude yana haɓaka aikinsa zuwa tushen RPM shima.
Ƙwararren mai amfani da shi ya dogara ne akan ɗakin karatu na ncurses wanda ke ƙara abubuwa daban-daban zuwa gare shi da ake gani a GUI. Ɗaya daga cikin abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne cewa yana iya yin koyi da mafi yawan muhawarar layin umarni apt-get.
Gabaɗaya, Aptitude babban manajojin fakiti ne wanda ke taƙaita ƙananan cikakkun bayanai, kuma yana iya aiki a cikin yanayin UI mai ma'amala na tushen rubutu har ma a cikin layin umarni mara-ma'amala.
Idan kuna son sanin amfanin APT da Aptitude tare da misalan duniya na ainihi, ya kamata ku je zuwa labarai masu zuwa.
- Koyi Misalai Masu Amfani guda 25 akan APT-GET da APT-CACHE
- Koyi Gudanar da Kunshin Linux tare da Haɓaka da Dpkg
Menene Bambanci Tsakanin APT da Aptitude?
Baya ga babban bambance-bambancen kasancewar Aptitude babban manajan kunshin ne yayin da APT shine mai sarrafa fakitin ƙaramin matakin wanda sauran manyan manajojin fakiti za su iya amfani da su, sauran manyan abubuwan da suka raba waɗannan manajan fakiti biyu sune:
- Aptitude ya fi ƙarfin aiki fiye da apt-get kuma yana haɗa ayyukan apt-get da sauran bambance-bambancen sa ciki har da apt-mark da apt-cache.
Yayin da ya dace-samun yana sarrafa duk shigarwar fakitin, haɓakawa, haɓaka tsarin, fakitin sharewa, warware abubuwan dogaro da sauransu, Aptitude yana ɗaukar abubuwa da yawa fiye da dacewa, gami da ayyuka na madaidaicin alamar da madaidaicin cache watau neman fakiti a ciki. jerin fakitin da aka shigar, yin alamar fakitin da za a shigar ta atomatik ko da hannu, riƙe da kunshin da ba ya samuwa don haɓakawa da sauransu.
- Yayin da dace-samun rashin UI, Aptitude yana da UI mai rubutu-kawai da m
Apt-samun kasancewa mai sarrafa fakitin ƙaramin matakin an iyakance shi ga layin umarni kawai, yayin da Aptitude kasancewa kayan aiki mafi girma yana da tsoho mai mu'amala da rubutu-kawai tare da zaɓi na aiki-layi ta hanyar shigar da umarni da ake buƙata.
- Aptitude yana da ingantaccen sarrafa fakiti fiye da apt-samun
A cikin yanayi da yawa da suka haɗa da shigarwa, cirewa da warware rikice-rikice don fakiti, Aptitude yana tabbatar da ƙimar sa maimakon apt-samun. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan sun haɗa da:
1. Yayin cire duk wani kunshin da aka shigar, Aptitude zai cire fakitin da ba a yi amfani da su ta atomatik ba, yayin da apt-get zai buƙaci mai amfani ya bayyana wannan a sarari ta ko dai ƙara ƙarin zaɓi na '—auto-remove' ko ƙayyade 'dace-samu autoremove'.4
2. Don ƙarin bincike game da dalilin da yasa ake toshe wani mataki ko me yasa ko me ya sa ya kamata a ɗauki wani mataki, Aptitude yana ba da umarni me da kuma ‘why-no’.
Kamar: Aptitude zai iya samun ku dalilin shigar da wani kunshin ta hanyar duba cikin jerin abubuwan da aka shigar da kuma bincika ko ɗayan fakitin da aka ba da shawarar yana da abin dogaro ko wani abin dogaronsu ya nuna wannan kunshin ko makamancin haka.
$ aptitude why yaws-wiki i doc-base Suggests dhelp | dwww | doc-central | yelp | khelpcenter4 p dwww Depends apache2 | httpd-cgi p yaws Provides httpd-cgi p yaws Suggests yaws-wiki
Kamar a nan ya nemo dalilin shigar da kunshin mai suna yaws-wiki don zama cewa an ba da shawarar ta hanyar dogaro (yaws) wanda ke ba da fakitin kama-da-wane ( httpd-cgi) akan wanne fakitin (dwww) yana da dogaro da fakitin (dwww) ana ba da shawarar ta ɗayan fakitin da aka shigar mai suna doc-base .
Wannan fasalin ya ɓace a cikin dace-samun.
3. Yayin da mai yiwuwa apt-get zai mutu idan aka sami sabani game da shigarwa ko cire kunshin tare da saƙo, Aptitude na iya ba da shawarar yuwuwar matakan cire wannan rikici.
Aptitude yana ba da bincike mai ƙarfi wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don bincika kusan kowane fakiti ba kawai akan tsarin ba har ma akan dukkan ma'ajiyar.
Ganin cewa apt-samun yana buƙatar wani bambance-bambancen dacewa watau apt-cache don bincika fakiti, Aptitude yana ba da mafi sauƙi da ingantaccen hanya don nemo fakitin wanda ko dai an shigar dashi ko kuma yana cikin wurin ajiya amma har yanzu ba'a shigar dashi ba.
$ apt-cache search 'python' | head -n4 kate - powerful text editor kcachegrind-converters - format converters for KCachegrind profiler visualisation tool kig - interactive geometry tool for KDE python-kde4 - Python bindings for the KDE Development Platform $ aptitude search 'python' | head -n4 i bpython - fancy interface to the Python interpreter p bpython-gtk - fancy interface to the Python interpreter p bpython-urwid - fancy interface to the Python interpreter p bpython3 - fancy interface to the Python3 interpreter
Anan, ta tsohuwa duka biyu-cache da ƙwarewa don neman fakiti akan duk jerin fakitin da ke cikin ma'ajiyar, amma fitowar ƙwarewa yana nuna ko an shigar da fakitin akan tsarin ko a'a ta hanyar ba da tuta kowane fakiti wanda anan shine p yana nuna cewa kunshin yana nan amma ba a shigar da shi ba kuma i wanda ke nuna cewa an shigar da kunshin, yayin da apt-cache kawai ya jera fakitin da cikakkun bayanan sa na layi daya ba tare da faɗi ko an shigar da kunshin ba. ko babu.
1. Neman fakiti a ma'ajiyar ajiya tare da python2.7 a cikin sunan kunshin da 2.7 a cikin bayaninsa.
$ aptitude search '~npython2.7 ~d2.7' p idle-python2.7 - IDE for Python (v2.7) using Tkinter i libpython2.7 - Shared Python runtime library (version 2.7 p libpython2.7:i386 - Shared Python runtime library (version 2.7 p libpython2.7-dbg - Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (ver p libpython2.7-dbg:i386 - Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (ver i A libpython2.7-dev - Header files and a static library for Pyth p libpython2.7-dev:i386 - Header files and a static library for Pyth i libpython2.7-minimal - Minimal subset of the Python language (ver p libpython2.7-minimal:i386 - Minimal subset of the Python language (ver i libpython2.7-stdlib - Interactive high-level object-oriented lan p libpython2.7-stdlib:i386 - Interactive high-level object-oriented lan p libpython2.7-testsuite - Testsuite for the Python standard library i python2.7 - Interactive high-level object-oriented lan p python2.7:i386 - Interactive high-level object-oriented lan p python2.7-dbg - Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (ver p python2.7-dbg:i386 - Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (ver i A python2.7-dev - Header files and a static library for Pyth p python2.7-dev:i386 - Header files and a static library for Pyth p python2.7-doc - Documentation for the high-level object-or p python2.7-examples - Examples for the Python language (v2.7) i python2.7-minimal - Minimal subset of the Python language (ver p python2.7-minimal:i386 - Minimal subset of the Python language (ver
Anan ~n yana nuna suna kuma ~d yana nuna kwatance. Wani nau'i na umarni iri ɗaya shine:
$ aptitude search '?name(python2.7) ?description(2.7)'
~i ko ?installed(): Neman fakiti a cikin jerin fakitin da aka shigar kawai.~U ko ~Mai haɓakawa: Ya lissafa duk fakitin da aka inganta tare da sabbin nau'ikan su.~E ko ?Essential(): Waɗancan fakitin ko dai an shigar dasu ko akwai, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci.
$ aptitude versions '?Upgradable' | head -n 12 Package apache2: ph 2.4.7-1ubuntu4 trusty 500 ph 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.5 trusty-security 500 ih 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.8 100 ph 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.9 trusty-updates 500 Package apache2-bin: p A 2.4.7-1ubuntu4 trusty 500 p A 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.5 trusty-security 500 i A 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.8 100 p A 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.9 trusty-updates 500
Kamar ɗan gajeren jeri da aka nuna anan na fakiti guda 3 tare da sigar shigar (wanda aka nuna tare da i) da kuma sigar haɓakarsu ta yanzu (an nuna tare da p).
Don nemo duk fakiti waɗanda ke ba da sabis na smtp:
$ aptitude search '?provides(smtp)' p libghc-smtpclient-dev - Simple Haskell SMTP client library p libghc-smtpclient-dev:i386 - Simple Haskell SMTP client library p libghc-smtpclient-prof - Simple Haskell SMTP client library; profil p libghc-smtpclient-prof:i386 - Simple Haskell SMTP client library; profil p syslog-ng-mod-smtp - Enhanced system logging daemon (SMTP plugi p syslog-ng-mod-smtp:i386 - Enhanced system logging daemon (SMTP plugi
Kamar nan, muna lissafin duk fakitin da ke ba da shawarar fakitin 'gcc'.
$ aptitude search '~DSuggests:gcc' | head -n10 p bochs - IA-32 PC emulator p bochs:i386 - IA-32 PC emulator p cpp-4.4 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.4:i386 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.6 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.6:i386 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.7 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.7:i386 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabi - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabi:i386 - GNU C preprocessor
Kammalawa
Don haka, ga mafi yawan lokuta, syntax of Aptitude yana kiyaye kusan iri ɗaya da na apt-get, don sanya masu amfani da apt-get su sami ƙarancin zafi a ƙaura zuwa Aptitude, amma ban da wannan, an haɗa abubuwa da yawa masu ƙarfi a cikin Aptitude. wanda ya sa ya zama wanda za a zaba. Baya ga waɗannan bambance-bambancen da muka haskaka, idan kun sami wasu bambance-bambance masu ban sha'awa tsakanin waɗannan manajan fakiti biyu, ku ambace su a cikin maganganunku.