Yadda ake Nemo da Rarraba Fayiloli Dangane da Kwanan Wata da Lokaci Gyara a cikin Linux


Yawancin lokaci, muna al'adar adana bayanai da yawa ta nau'in fayiloli akan tsarin mu. Wasu, ɓoyayyun fayiloli, wasu an adana su a cikin babban fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira don sauƙin fahimtar mu, yayin da wasu kamar yadda yake. Amma, wannan duka ya cika kundin adireshi; yawanci Desktop, yana mai da shi kamar rikici. Amma, matsalar tana tasowa lokacin da muke buƙatar bincika takamaiman fayil ɗin da aka gyara akan takamaiman kwanan wata da lokaci a cikin wannan babban tarin.

Mutanen da ke jin daɗin GUI na iya samun ta ta amfani da Mai sarrafa Fayil, wanda ke jera fayiloli a cikin dogon jeri tsari, yana sauƙaƙa gano abin da muke so, amma waɗancan masu amfani suna da al'adar baƙar fata, ko ma duk wanda ke aiki akan sabar waɗanda ba su da GUI. suna son umarni mai sauƙi ko saitin umarni waɗanda zasu iya sauƙaƙe binciken su.

Ainihin kyawun Linux yana nunawa anan, kamar yadda Linux ke da tarin umarni waɗanda idan aka yi amfani da su daban ko tare zasu iya taimakawa wajen nemo fayil, ko ware tarin fayiloli gwargwadon sunansu, ranar gyare-gyare, lokacin ƙirƙirar, ko ma kowane. tace kana iya tunanin nema don samun sakamakonka.

Anan, za mu bayyana ainihin ƙarfin Linux ta hanyar bincika jerin umarni waɗanda za su iya taimakawa rarraba fayil ko ma jerin fayiloli ta Kwanan wata da Lokaci.

Linux Utilities don Rarraba Fayiloli a cikin Linux

Wasu kayan aikin layin umarni na Linux waɗanda suka isa kawai don rarraba kundin adireshi bisa Kwanan wata da Lokaci sune:

ls - Jerin abubuwan da ke cikin kundin adireshi, wannan mai amfani zai iya lissafin fayiloli da kundayen adireshi kuma yana iya lissafin duk bayanan matsayi game da su ciki har da: kwanan wata da lokacin gyarawa ko samun dama, izini, girman, mai shi, rukuni da sauransu.

Mun riga mun rufe labarai da yawa akan umarnin Linux ls da tsari, zaku iya samun su a ƙasa:

  1. Koyi umarnin ls tare da Misalai 15 na asali
  2. Koyi Dokokin Ci gaba guda 7 tare da Misalai
  3. 15 Tambayoyin Tambayoyi masu Fa'ida akan ls Command in Linux

nau'i - Ana iya amfani da wannan umarni don warware fitar da kowane bincike kawai ta kowane fanni ko kowane ginshiƙi na filin.

Mun riga mun rufe labarai guda biyu akan umarnin nau'in Linux, zaku iya samun su a ƙasa:

  1. 14 Misalan Umurnin 'Nau'in' Linux - Kashi na 1
  2. 7 Misalan Umurnin 'Nau'in' Linux Masu Amfani - Kashi na 2

Waɗannan umarnin a cikin kansu umarni ne masu ƙarfi sosai don ƙware idan kuna aiki akan baƙar fata kuma dole ne ku yi hulɗa da fayiloli da yawa, kawai don samun wanda kuke so.

Wasu Hanyoyi don Rarraba fayiloli ta amfani da Kwanan wata da Lokaci

A ƙasa akwai jerin umarni don warwarewa bisa Kwanan wata da Lokaci.

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana lissafin fayiloli a cikin dogon tsarin jeri, kuma yana tsara fayiloli dangane da lokacin gyarawa, sabon farkon farko. Don daidaita tsarin baya, yi amfani da canjin -r tare da wannan umarni.

# ls -lt

total 673768
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3312130 Jan 19 15:24 When You Are Gone.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4177212 Jan 19 15:24 When I Dream At Night - Marc Anthony-1.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4177212 Jan 19 15:24 When I Dream At Night - Marc Anthony.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  6629090 Jan 19 15:24 Westlife_Tonight.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3448832 Jan 19 15:24 We Are The World by USA For Africa (Michael Jackson).mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  8580934 Jan 19 15:24 This Love.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  2194832 Jan 19 15:24 The Cross Of Changes.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5087527 Jan 19 15:24 T.N.T. For The Brain 5.18.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3437100 Jan 19 15:24 Summer Of '69.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4360278 Jan 19 15:24 Smell Of Desire.4.32.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4582632 Jan 19 15:24 Silence Must Be Heard 4.46.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4147119 Jan 19 15:24 Shadows In Silence 4.19.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4189654 Jan 19 15:24 Sarah Brightman  & Enigma - Eden (remix).mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4124421 Jan 19 15:24 Sade - Smooth Operator.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4771840 Jan 19 15:24 Sade - And I Miss You.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3749477 Jan 19 15:24 Run To You.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  7573679 Jan 19 15:24 Roger Sanchez_Another Chance_Full_Mix.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3018211 Jan 19 15:24 Principal Of Lust.3.08.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5688390 Jan 19 15:24 Please Forgive Me.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3381827 Jan 19 15:24 Obvious.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5499073 Jan 19 15:24 Namstey-London-Viraaniya.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3129210 Jan 19 15:24 MOS-Enya - Only Time (Pop Radio mix).m

Lissafin fayiloli a cikin kundin adireshi dangane da lokacin samun damar ƙarshe, watau dangane da lokacin da fayil ɗin ya kasance a ƙarshe, ba a canza shi ba.

# ls -ltu

total 3084272
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:24 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Linux-ISO
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Music-Player
drwx------  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 tor-browser_en-US
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 bin
drwxr-xr-x 11 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Android Games
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Songs
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 renamefiles
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 katoolin-master
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Tricks
drwxr-xr-x  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Linux-Tricks
drwxr-xr-x  6 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 tuptime
drwxr-xr-x  4 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 xdm
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint      20480 Jan 19 15:22 ffmpeg usage
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 xdm-helper

Jerin fayiloli a cikin kundin adireshi dangane da lokacin gyara na ƙarshe na bayanin matsayin fayil, ko lokaci. Wannan umarnin zai fara jera waccan fayil ɗin wanda kowane bayanin matsayinsa kamar: mai shi, ƙungiya, izini, girman da sauransu kwanan nan aka canza shi.

# ls -ltc

total 3084272
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:24 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 13:05 img
-rw-------  1 tecmint tecmint     262191 Jan 19 12:15 tecmint.jpeg
drwxr-xr-x  5 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 10:57 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  7 tecmint tecmint      12288 Jan 18 16:00 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x 13 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 18 15:36 VirtualBox VMs
-rwxr-xr-x  1 tecmint tecmint        691 Jan 13 14:57 special.sh
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     654325 Jan  4 16:55 powertop-2.7.tar.gz.save
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     654329 Jan  4 11:17 filename.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan  4 11:04 powertop-2.7
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     447795 Dec 31 14:22 Happy-New-Year-2016.jpg
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint         12 Dec 18 18:46 ravi
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint       1823 Dec 16 12:45 setuid.txt
...

Idan ana amfani da maɓalli na -a tare da umarni na sama, za su iya jera su jera ko da ɓoyayyun fayilolin da ke cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu, kuma -r switch yana jera abubuwan da aka fitar a juzu'i.

Don ƙarin rarrabuwa mai zurfi, kamar rarrabawa akan Output of Nemo umarni, duk da haka ana iya amfani da ls, amma akwai nau'i yana tabbatar da ƙarin taimako saboda fitarwar bazai sami fayil kawai ba. suna amma duk wani filin da mai amfani ke so.

Umurnai na ƙasa suna nuna amfani da iri tare da umarnin nemo don tsara jerin fayiloli dangane da Kwanan wata da Lokaci.

Don ƙarin koyo game da neman umarni, bi wannan hanyar haɗin yanar gizon: 35 Misalai Masu Aiki na Umurnin 'nemo' a Linux

Anan, muna amfani da umarnin nemo don nemo duk fayiloli a tushen ('/') directory sannan mu buga sakamakon kamar: Watan da aka shiga fayil ɗin sannan sunan fayil. Daga cikin cikakken sakamakon, a nan mun lissafa manyan abubuwan shigarwa 11.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%Ab %p" | head -n 11

Dec /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
Dec /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
Dec /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana tsara fitarwa ta amfani da maɓalli azaman filin farko, ƙayyadaddun ta hanyar -k1 sannan kuma yana jera a Wata kamar yadda M ke gaba da shi.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%Ab %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1M

Apr /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn
Dec /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
Dec /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
Dec /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install

Anan, muna sake yin amfani da nemo umarni don nemo duk fayiloli a cikin tushen directory, amma yanzu za mu buga sakamakon kamar: kwanan watan ƙarshe da aka shiga fayil ɗin, lokacin ƙarshe da aka shiga fayil ɗin sannan sunan fayil. Daga ciki muna fitar da manyan abubuwan shigarwa 11.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AD %AT %p" | head -n 11

12/08/15 11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12/07/15 10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
12/18/15 11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Umurnin nau'in da ke ƙasa yana farawa ne bisa lambobi na ƙarshe na shekara, sannan nau'in bisa lambobi na ƙarshe na watan a juzu'i kuma a ƙarshe ya zama nau'i bisa tushen filin farko. Anan, '1.8' yana nufin ginshiƙi na 8 na filin farko kuma 'n' gaba gare shi yana nufin nau'in lambobi, yayin da 'r' yana nuna jujjuya tsari.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AD %AT %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1.8n -k1.1nr -k1

12/07/15 10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
12/08/15 11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12/18/15 11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn
04/11/15 06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0

Anan, muna sake yin amfani da nemo umarni don jera manyan fayiloli 11 a cikin tushen directory kuma buga sakamakon a cikin tsari: lokacin da aka isa fayil ɗin ƙarshe sannan sunan fayil.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AT %p" | head -n 11

11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Umurnin da ke ƙasa yana tsara fitarwa bisa ga ginshiƙi na farko na filin fitarwa wanda shine lambar farko na sa'a.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AT %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1.1n

06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Wannan umarni yana tsara fitar da umarni na ls -l bisa ga wata na 6 cikin hikima, sannan ya dogara da filin na 7 wanda shine kwanan wata, a lamba.

# ls -l | sort -k6M -k7n

total 116
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct  1 19:51 backup.tgz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct  7 15:27 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15853 Oct  7 15:19 powertop_report.csv
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79112 Oct  7 15:25 powertop.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct 16 15:26 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    13 Oct 16 15:17 B
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    21 Oct 16 15:16 A
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    64 Oct 16 15:38 C

Kammalawa

Hakanan, ta hanyar samun ɗan ilimin nau'in umarni, zaku iya tsara kusan kowane jeri bisa kowane fage har ma da kowane ginshiƙi da kuke so. Waɗannan wasu dabaru ne don taimaka muku warware fayiloli bisa Kwanan wata ko Lokaci. Kuna iya gina naku dabaru bisa waɗannan. Koyaya, idan kuna da wata dabara mai ban sha'awa, koyaushe zaku iya ambata hakan a cikin maganganunku.