Yadda ake Share Asusun Mai amfani tare da Littafin Gida a cikin Linux


A cikin wannan koyawa, zan ɗauki matakan da za ku iya amfani da su don share asusun mai amfani tare da kundin adireshin gidan sa akan tsarin Linux.

Don koyon yadda ake ƙirƙirar asusun mai amfani da sarrafa su akan tsarin Linux, karanta labarai masu zuwa daga hanyoyin haɗin da ke ƙasa:

  1. 15 “useradd” Misalin Umurni don Sarrafa Asusun Mai Amfani a cikin Linux
  2. 15 “usermod” Misalin Umurni don Canja/gyara Sunayen Asusun Mai amfani a cikin Linux
  3. Yadda ake Sarrafa Masu amfani & Ƙungiyoyi tare da Izinin Fayil a cikin Linux

A matsayinka na Mai Gudanar da Tsari a Linux, ƙila ka cire asusun masu amfani bayan wani lokaci lokacin da asusun mai amfani zai iya zama barci na dogon lokaci, ko mai amfani zai iya barin ƙungiyar ko kamfani ko wasu dalilai.

Lokacin cire asusun mai amfani akan tsarin Linux, yana da mahimmanci a cire littafin adireshi na gida don yantar da sarari akan na'urorin ajiya don sabbin masu amfani da tsarin ko wasu ayyuka.

Share/Cire Asusun Mai Amfani tare da Littafin Jagoran Gidan Sa/Ta

1. Don dalilai na nunawa, da farko zan fara da ƙirƙirar asusun mai amfani guda biyu akan tsarina wanda shine tecmint mai amfani da linuxsay mai amfani tare da kundin adireshi na gida/gida/tecmint da/gida/linusay bi da bi ta amfani da umarnin adduser.

# adduser tecmint
# passwd tecmint

# adduser linuxsay
# passwd linuxsay

Daga hoton da ke sama, na yi amfani da umarnin adduser don ƙirƙirar asusun mai amfani akan Linux. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da umarnin useradd, duka iri ɗaya ne kuma suna aiki iri ɗaya.

2. Yanzu bari mu matsa gaba don ganin yadda ake sharewa ko cire asusun mai amfani a cikin Linux ta amfani da deluser (Don Debian kuma abubuwan haɓakawa) da umarnin mai amfani (Don RedHat/CentOS tushen tsarin).

Umarnin da ke cikin fayil ɗin sanyi don ɓarna da umarnin mai amfani sun ƙayyade yadda wannan zai sarrafa duk fayilolin mai amfani da kundin adireshi lokacin da kuke gudanar da umarni.

Bari mu kalli fayil ɗin sanyi don umarnin deluser wanda shine /etc/deluser.conf akan abubuwan Debian kamar Ubuntu, Kali, Mint da masu amfani da RHEL/CentOS/Fedora, zaku iya duba </etc/login.defs fayiloli.

Ƙimar da ke cikin waɗannan saitunan tsoho ne kuma ana iya canza su gwargwadon bukatunku.

# vi /etc/deluser.conf         [On Debian and its derivatives]
# vi /etc/login.defs           [On RedHat/CentOS based systems]

3. Don share mai amfani da gida directory, za ka iya amfani da ci-gaba hanya ta bin wadannan matakai a kan Linux uwar garken inji. Lokacin da masu amfani suka shiga cikin uwar garken, suna amfani da ayyuka kuma suna gudanar da matakai daban-daban. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa mai amfani zai iya sharewa yadda ya kamata kawai lokacin da ba a shiga sabar ba.

Fara da kulle kalmar sirri ta asusun mai amfani ta yadda babu damar mai amfani ga tsarin. Wannan zai hana mai amfani daga tafiyar matakai akan tsarin.

Umurnin passwd gami da zabin –lock na iya taimaka maka cimma wannan:

# passwd --lock tecmint

Locking password for user tecmint.
passwd: Success

Na gaba nemo duk hanyoyin tafiyar da asusun mai amfani kuma kashe su ta hanyar tantance PIDs (IDs na Tsari) na matakai mallakar mai amfani ta amfani da:

# pgrep -u tecmint

1947
1959
2091
2094
2095
2168
2175
2179
2183
2188
2190
2202
2207
2212
2214

Sa'an nan za ka iya jera hanyoyin tafiyar da sunan mai amfani, PIDs, PPIDs (Parent Process IDs), tashar da aka yi amfani da ita, yanayin tsari, hanyar umarni a cikin cikakken tsarin tsari tare da taimakon bin umarni kamar yadda aka nuna:

# ps -f --pid $(pgrep -u tecmint)

UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY      STAT   TIME CMD
tecmint   1947     1  0 10:49 ?        SLl    0:00 /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --daemonize --login
tecmint   1959  1280  0 10:49 ?        Ssl    0:00 mate-session
tecmint   2091  1959  0 10:49 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit-with-session /usr/bin/im-launch mate-session
tecmint   2094     1  0 10:49 ?        S      0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit-with-session /usr/bin/im-launch mate-session
tecmint   2095     1  0 10:49 ?        Ss     0:00 //bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 6 --print-address 9 --session
tecmint   2168     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-service
tecmint   2175  1959  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:02 /usr/bin/mate-settings-daemon
tecmint   2179  1959  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:47 marco
tecmint   2183     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd
tecmint   2188  1959  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:00 mate-panel
tecmint   2190     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs -f -o big_writes
tecmint   2202     1  0 10:49 ?        S<l    0:20 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
tecmint   2207  1959  0 10:49 ?        S      0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/startcaja
tecmint   2212     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintMenu/mintMenu.py
tecmint   2214     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:11 /usr/lib/mate-panel/wnck-applet
....

Da zarar ka nemo duk hanyoyin tafiyar da mai amfani, za ka iya amfani da umurnin killall don kashe waɗancan tafiyar matakai kamar yadda aka nuna.

# killall -9 -u tecmint

-9 shine lambar sigina don siginar SIGKILL ko amfani da -KILL maimakon -9 kuma -u yana bayyana sunan mai amfani.

Lura: A cikin sabbin abubuwan RedHat/CentOS 7.x da Fedora 21+, zaku sami saƙon kuskure kamar:

-bash: killall: command not found

Don gyara irin wannan kuskuren, kuna buƙatar shigar da kunshin psmisc kamar yadda aka nuna:

# yum install psmisc       [On RedHat/CentOS 7.x]
# dnf install psmisc       [On Fedora 21+ versions]

Na gaba zaku iya adana fayilolin masu amfani, wannan na iya zama na zaɓi amma ana ba da shawarar don amfani nan gaba lokacin da buƙatu ta taso don duba bayanan asusun mai amfani da fayiloli.

Na yi amfani da abubuwan amfani na tar don ƙirƙirar wariyar adireshin gida na masu amfani kamar haka:

# tar jcvf /user-backups/tecmint-home-directory-backup.tar.bz2 /home/tecmint

Yanzu zaku iya cire mai amfani cikin aminci tare da kundin adireshin gidanta, don cire duk fayilolin mai amfani akan tsarin amfani da zaɓin --remove-all-files a cikin umarnin da ke ƙasa:

# deluser --remove-home tecmint      [On Debian and its derivatives]
# userdel --remove tecmint           [On RedHat/CentOS based systems]

Takaitawa

Wannan shi ne abin da ya shafi cire mai amfani da tsarin gidansu daga tsarin Linux. Na yi imani jagorar yana da sauƙi don bi, amma kuna iya bayyana damuwa ko ƙara ƙarin ra'ayi ta barin sharhi.