Yadda ake Share Asusun Mai amfani tare da Littafin Gida a cikin Linux
A cikin wannan koyawa, zan ɗauki matakan da za ku iya amfani da su don share asusun mai amfani tare da kundin adireshin gidan sa akan tsarin Linux.
Don koyon yadda ake ƙirƙirar asusun mai amfani da sarrafa su akan tsarin Linux, karanta labarai masu zuwa daga hanyoyin haɗin da ke ƙasa:
- 15 “useradd” Misalin Umurni don Sarrafa Asusun Mai Amfani a cikin Linux
- 15 “usermod” Misalin Umurni don Canja/gyara Sunayen Asusun Mai amfani a cikin Linux
- Yadda ake Sarrafa Masu amfani & Ƙungiyoyi tare da Izinin Fayil a cikin Linux
A matsayinka na Mai Gudanar da Tsari a Linux, ƙila ka cire asusun masu amfani bayan wani lokaci lokacin da asusun mai amfani zai iya zama barci na dogon lokaci, ko mai amfani zai iya barin ƙungiyar ko kamfani ko wasu dalilai.
Lokacin cire asusun mai amfani akan tsarin Linux, yana da mahimmanci a cire littafin adireshi na gida don yantar da sarari akan na'urorin ajiya don sabbin masu amfani da tsarin ko wasu ayyuka.
Share/Cire Asusun Mai Amfani tare da Littafin Jagoran Gidan Sa/Ta
1. Don dalilai na nunawa, da farko zan fara da ƙirƙirar asusun mai amfani guda biyu akan tsarina wanda shine tecmint mai amfani da linuxsay mai amfani tare da kundin adireshi na gida/gida/tecmint da/gida/linusay bi da bi ta amfani da umarnin adduser.
# adduser tecmint # passwd tecmint # adduser linuxsay # passwd linuxsay
Daga hoton da ke sama, na yi amfani da umarnin adduser don ƙirƙirar asusun mai amfani akan Linux. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da umarnin useradd, duka iri ɗaya ne kuma suna aiki iri ɗaya.
2. Yanzu bari mu matsa gaba don ganin yadda ake sharewa ko cire asusun mai amfani a cikin Linux ta amfani da deluser (Don Debian kuma abubuwan haɓakawa) da umarnin mai amfani (Don RedHat/CentOS tushen tsarin).
Umarnin da ke cikin fayil ɗin sanyi don ɓarna da umarnin mai amfani sun ƙayyade yadda wannan zai sarrafa duk fayilolin mai amfani da kundin adireshi lokacin da kuke gudanar da umarni.
Bari mu kalli fayil ɗin sanyi don umarnin deluser wanda shine /etc/deluser.conf
akan abubuwan Debian kamar Ubuntu, Kali, Mint da masu amfani da RHEL/CentOS/Fedora, zaku iya duba </etc/login.defs
fayiloli.
Ƙimar da ke cikin waɗannan saitunan tsoho ne kuma ana iya canza su gwargwadon bukatunku.
# vi /etc/deluser.conf [On Debian and its derivatives] # vi /etc/login.defs [On RedHat/CentOS based systems]
3. Don share mai amfani da gida directory, za ka iya amfani da ci-gaba hanya ta bin wadannan matakai a kan Linux uwar garken inji. Lokacin da masu amfani suka shiga cikin uwar garken, suna amfani da ayyuka kuma suna gudanar da matakai daban-daban. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa mai amfani zai iya sharewa yadda ya kamata kawai lokacin da ba a shiga sabar ba.
Fara da kulle kalmar sirri ta asusun mai amfani ta yadda babu damar mai amfani ga tsarin. Wannan zai hana mai amfani daga tafiyar matakai akan tsarin.
Umurnin passwd gami da zabin –lock na iya taimaka maka cimma wannan:
# passwd --lock tecmint Locking password for user tecmint. passwd: Success
Na gaba nemo duk hanyoyin tafiyar da asusun mai amfani kuma kashe su ta hanyar tantance PIDs (IDs na Tsari) na matakai mallakar mai amfani ta amfani da:
# pgrep -u tecmint 1947 1959 2091 2094 2095 2168 2175 2179 2183 2188 2190 2202 2207 2212 2214
Sa'an nan za ka iya jera hanyoyin tafiyar da sunan mai amfani, PIDs, PPIDs (Parent Process IDs), tashar da aka yi amfani da ita, yanayin tsari, hanyar umarni a cikin cikakken tsarin tsari tare da taimakon bin umarni kamar yadda aka nuna:
# ps -f --pid $(pgrep -u tecmint) UID PID PPID C STIME TTY STAT TIME CMD tecmint 1947 1 0 10:49 ? SLl 0:00 /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --daemonize --login tecmint 1959 1280 0 10:49 ? Ssl 0:00 mate-session tecmint 2091 1959 0 10:49 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit-with-session /usr/bin/im-launch mate-session tecmint 2094 1 0 10:49 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit-with-session /usr/bin/im-launch mate-session tecmint 2095 1 0 10:49 ? Ss 0:00 //bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 6 --print-address 9 --session tecmint 2168 1 0 10:49 ? Sl 0:00 /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-service tecmint 2175 1959 0 10:49 ? Sl 0:02 /usr/bin/mate-settings-daemon tecmint 2179 1959 0 10:49 ? Sl 0:47 marco tecmint 2183 1 0 10:49 ? Sl 0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd tecmint 2188 1959 0 10:49 ? Sl 0:00 mate-panel tecmint 2190 1 0 10:49 ? Sl 0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs -f -o big_writes tecmint 2202 1 0 10:49 ? S<l 0:20 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog tecmint 2207 1959 0 10:49 ? S 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/startcaja tecmint 2212 1 0 10:49 ? Sl 0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintMenu/mintMenu.py tecmint 2214 1 0 10:49 ? Sl 0:11 /usr/lib/mate-panel/wnck-applet ....
Da zarar ka nemo duk hanyoyin tafiyar da mai amfani, za ka iya amfani da umurnin killall don kashe waɗancan tafiyar matakai kamar yadda aka nuna.
# killall -9 -u tecmint
-9 shine lambar sigina don siginar SIGKILL ko amfani da -KILL maimakon -9 kuma -u yana bayyana sunan mai amfani.
Lura: A cikin sabbin abubuwan RedHat/CentOS 7.x da Fedora 21+, zaku sami saƙon kuskure kamar:
-bash: killall: command not found
Don gyara irin wannan kuskuren, kuna buƙatar shigar da kunshin psmisc kamar yadda aka nuna:
# yum install psmisc [On RedHat/CentOS 7.x] # dnf install psmisc [On Fedora 21+ versions]
Na gaba zaku iya adana fayilolin masu amfani, wannan na iya zama na zaɓi amma ana ba da shawarar don amfani nan gaba lokacin da buƙatu ta taso don duba bayanan asusun mai amfani da fayiloli.
Na yi amfani da abubuwan amfani na tar don ƙirƙirar wariyar adireshin gida na masu amfani kamar haka:
# tar jcvf /user-backups/tecmint-home-directory-backup.tar.bz2 /home/tecmint
Yanzu zaku iya cire mai amfani cikin aminci tare da kundin adireshin gidanta, don cire duk fayilolin mai amfani akan tsarin amfani da zaɓin --remove-all-files
a cikin umarnin da ke ƙasa:
# deluser --remove-home tecmint [On Debian and its derivatives] # userdel --remove tecmint [On RedHat/CentOS based systems]
Takaitawa
Wannan shi ne abin da ya shafi cire mai amfani da tsarin gidansu daga tsarin Linux. Na yi imani jagorar yana da sauƙi don bi, amma kuna iya bayyana damuwa ko ƙara ƙarin ra'ayi ta barin sharhi.