Yadda ake Ƙirƙiri da Sanya Injinan Baƙi a cikin XenServer - Kashi na 5
Ci gaba da ci gaba tare da jerin XenServer, wannan labarin zai kusanci ƙirƙirar ainihin baƙi da kansu (wanda aka fi sani da injunan kama-da-wane).
Wannan labarin zai ɗauka cewa an kammala duk labaran da suka gabata waɗanda suka shafi hanyar sadarwa, faci, da adanawa. Abin godiya, babu ƙarin sabbin kalmomi da gaske da za a tattauna kuma ƙirƙirar baƙi na iya farawa!
A wannan lokacin, an daidaita abubuwa da yawa akan wannan mai masaukin baki na XenServer. Wannan zai zama bita mai sauri game da abin da aka tsara da kuma wane labarin da aka tattauna batun.
- An shigar da XenServer 6.5 zuwa uwar garken
- https://linux-console.net/citrix-xenserver-installation-and-network-configuration-in-linux/
- https://linux-console.net/install-xenserver-patches-in-linux/
- https://linux-console.net/xenserver-network-lacp-bond-vlan-and-bonding-configuration/
- https://linux-console.net/xenserver-create-and-add-storage-repository/
Ƙirƙirar Baƙi na Kaya a cikin XenServer
Wannan ɓangaren jagorar zai dogara ne akan masu sakawa na ISO don a haƙiƙanin kora sabuwar injin baƙo da aka ƙirƙira da shigar da tsarin aiki. Tabbatar duba labarin na huɗu don bayani kan ƙirƙirar ma'ajiyar ISO.
XenServer ya zo tare da jerin samfura waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don samar da baƙo mai kama-da-wane da sauri. Waɗannan samfuran suna ba da zaɓuɓɓuka gama gari don zaɓaɓɓen tsarin aiki. Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da abubuwa kamar sararin faifan faifai, ƙirar CPU, da adadin rago da ke akwai tsakanin sauran zaɓuɓɓuka.
Ana iya canza waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka da hannu daga baya amma a yanzu za a yi amfani da samfur mai sauƙi don kwatanta yadda ake amfani da su. Don samun jerin samfuran samfuran da ake da su, ana iya ba da umarnin xe na al'ada don faɗakar da tsarin don dawo da samfuran da ke akwai.
# xe template-list
Wataƙila wannan umarnin zai dawo da fitarwa mai yawa. Domin samun sauƙin karantawa, ana ba da shawarar cewa za a tura abin da aka fitar zuwa cikin ‘kasa kamar haka:
# xe template-list | less
Wannan zai ba da damar sauƙin tantance samfuran da ke akwai don gano mahimman bayanan UUID. Wannan labarin zai kasance yana aiki tare da Debian 8 Jessie amma zai buƙaci amfani da tsohuwar samfurin Debian 7 Wheezy har sai Citrix ya fitar da sabon samfuri.
Zaɓin Debian 7 ba zai shafi wani abu ba a cikin aikin ainihin tsarin aiki. (Hoton allon da ke ƙasa ya yi amfani da UUID a cikin umarnin don datse wasu abubuwan fitarwa na yau da kullun).
# xe sr-list name-label=”Tecmint iSCSI Storage”
Tare da wannan UUID, an sami duk bayanan farko don saita wannan baƙon. Kamar kusan komai a cikin XenServer, za a yi amfani da wani umarni na 'xe' don samar da sabon baƙo.
# xe vm-install template=”Debian Wheezy 7.0 (64-bit)” new-name-label="TecmintVM" sr-uuid=bea6caa4-ecab-8509-33a4-2cda2599fb75
Babban UUID shine UUID na sabon baƙon da aka tanadar. Akwai matakai biyu na kiyaye gida waɗanda zasu iya sauƙaƙa abubuwa a nan gaba. Na farko shine samar da lakabin suna ga sabuwar VDI da aka ƙirƙira kuma na biyun yana gyara kowane ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin da aka tanada ta samfuri.
Don ganin dalilin da yasa zai zama mahimmanci a sanya sunan VDI, duba abin da tsarin zai sanya wa VDI ta atomatik lokacin da aka tanadar ta amfani da umarnin 'xe' masu zuwa:
# xe vbd-list vm-name-label=TecmintVM – Used to get the VDI UUID # xe vdi-list vbd-uuids=2eac0d98-485a-7c22-216c-caa920b10ea9 [Used to show naming issue]
Wani zaɓi da ke akwai shine tattara bayanan guda biyu shine umarni mai zuwa:
# xe vm-disk-list vm=TecmintVM
Bangaren rawaya shine damuwa. Ga mutane da yawa wannan batu ƙarami ne amma don dalilai na kiyaye gida ana son ƙarin bayanin suna don ci gaba da bin manufar wannan VDI ta musamman. Don sake suna wannan takamaiman VDI, ana buƙatar UUID a cikin fitarwa na sama kuma ana buƙatar ƙirƙirar wani umarni na 'xe'.
# xe vdi-param-set uuid=90611915-fb7e-485b-a0a8-31c84a59b9d8 name-label="TecmintVM Disk 0 VDI" # xe vm-disk-list vm=TecmintVM
Wannan na iya zama kamar ba shi da mahimmanci don saitawa amma daga gwaninta, wannan ya hana matsala mai mahimmanci yayin cire ma'ajin ajiya daga XenServer ɗaya da ƙoƙarin haɗa shi zuwa wani XenServer. Wannan yanayin na musamman, madadin metadata na duk bayanan baƙo ya kasa dawo da shi akan sabon XenServer kuma alhamdu lillahi ta hanyar sanya sunan VDI akan kowane baƙi, taswirar da ta dace na baƙo ga VDI ɗin ta ya sami damar yin shi kawai ta hanyar lakabin suna.
Mataki na kiyaye gida na gaba don wannan labarin shine samar da wannan baƙo na musamman da ƙarin albarkatu. Kamar yadda aka tanada wannan baƙon zai sami kusan ƙimar 256 MiB (Mebibytes) kawai. Yawancin baƙi wannan bai isa ba don haka yana da fa'ida don sanin yadda ake ƙara yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar baƙo. Kamar kowane abu a cikin XenServer ana iya cika wannan tare da umarnin 'xe'.
# xe vm-param-list uuid=6eab5bdd-c277-e55d-0363-dcfd186c8e8e | grep -i memory
Akwatin da ke cikin kore a sama yana nuna cewa mafi yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da wannan baƙo zai taɓa samu shine kusan 256 MiB. Don dalilai na gwaji wannan zai yi kyau amma ga kowane nau'in tsarin amfani mai nauyi, wannan zai tabbatar da cewa bai isa ba.
Don canza wannan ƙimar don baiwa baƙo damar samun ƙarin RAM, ana iya ba da umarni mai sauƙi 'xe' tare da kashe baƙon. A cikin wannan misali, adadin ragon da za a ba wannan na'ura za a wakilta shi a cikin bytes amma zai kai ragon Gibibytes 2.
# xe vm-memory-limits-set dynamic-max=2147483648 dynamic-min=2147483648 static-max=2147483648 static-min=2147483648 name-label=TecmintVM
Lura cewa wannan zai tanadi GiB biyu na rago don wannan baƙo koyaushe.
Yanzu wannan baƙon yana shirye don shigar da tsarin aiki. Daga labarin da ya gabata game da Ma'ajiyar Ajiye, an ƙara rabon Samba zuwa wannan XenServer don adana fayilolin mai saka ISO. Ana iya tabbatar da wannan tare da umarnin 'xe' mai zuwa:
# xe sr-list name-label=Remote\ ISO\ Library\ on:\ //<servername>/ISO
Tabbatar maye gurbin
# xe cd-list | grep debian
# xe vm-cd-add vm=TecmintVM cd-name=debian-8-netinst.iso device=3 # xe vbd-list vm-name-label=TecmintVM userdevice=3
Umurnin da ke sama sun fara jera sunan Debian ISO. Umurni na gaba zai ƙara na'urar CD-ROM mai kama da ita ga baƙon TecmintVM kuma ya sanya masa ID na na'urar 3.
Ana amfani da umarni na uku don tantance UUID don sabon CD-ROM ɗin da aka ƙara don ci gaba da saita na'urar don tada Debian ISO.
Mataki na gaba shine a sanya CD-ROM ɗin da ake buƙata tare da umurci baƙon da ya shigar da tsarin aiki daga CD-ROM.
# xe vbd-param-set uuid=3836851f-928e-599f-dc3b-3d8d8879dd18 bootable=true # xe vm-param-set uuid=6eab5bdd-c277-e55d-0363-dcfd186c8e8e other-config:install-repository=cdrom
Umurni na farko da ke sama yana saita CD-ROM don zama bootable ta amfani da UUID ɗin sa da aka haskaka a kore a cikin hoton allo na sama. Umurni na biyu ya umurci baƙo ya yi amfani da CD-ROM a matsayin hanyar shigar da tsarin aiki. UUID na baƙon Tecmint yana haskakawa a cikin hoton allo na sama cikin rawaya.
Mataki na ƙarshe na saita baƙo shine haɗa hanyar haɗin yanar gizon kama-da-wane (VIF). Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga wannan hanyar shigarwa tunda ana amfani da mai sakawa na hanyar sadarwa na Debian kuma zai buƙaci cire fakiti daga ma'ajin Debian.
Idan muka waiwayi labarin sadarwar XenServer, an riga an ƙirƙiri VLAN na musamman don wannan baƙo kuma shine VLAN 10. Yin amfani da 'xe' za a iya ƙirƙirar cibiyar sadarwar da ake buƙata kuma sanya wa wannan baƙo.
# xe network-list name-description="Tecmint test VLAN 10" # xe vif-create vm-uuid=6eab5bdd-c277-e55d-0363-dcfd186c8e8e network-uuid=cfe987f0-b37c-dbd7-39be-36e7bfd94cef device=0
Ana amfani da umarni na farko don samun UUID na cibiyar sadarwar da aka ƙirƙira don wannan baƙo. Ana amfani da umarni na gaba don ƙirƙirar adaftar cibiyar sadarwa don baƙo da haɗa adaftar cibiyar sadarwar zuwa cibiyar sadarwar da ta dace.
Taya murna! A wannan lokacin, injin kama-da-wane yana shirye don taya da shigarwa! Don fara baƙo, ba da umarnin 'xe' mai zuwa.
# xe vm-start name-label=TecmintVM
Idan tashar ba ta haifar da kurakurai ba, to baƙon ya fara nasara. Ana iya tabbatar da fara baƙo mai kyau tare da umarnin 'xe' mai zuwa:
# xe vm-list name-label=TecmintVM
Yanzu babbar tambaya. Yadda ake shiga mai sakawa? Wannan tambaya ce mai inganci. Hanyar da aka amince da Citrix ita ce amfani da XenCenter. Batun anan shine XenCenter baya gudana akan Linux! Don haka akwai madaidaicin hanyar don kada masu amfani su ƙirƙiri tashar Windows ta musamman don kawai samun damar na'urar wasan bidiyo na baƙo mai gudana.
Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar rami na SSH daga kwamfutar Linux zuwa mai watsa shiri na XenServer sannan ta tura hanyar haɗin VNC ta wannan rami. Yana da wayo sosai kuma yana aiki da ban mamaki amma wannan hanyar tana ɗauka cewa mai amfani zai iya samun damar XenServer akan SSH.
Mataki na farko shine ƙayyade lambar yankin baƙo akan XenServer. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar amfani da umarni daban-daban.
# xe vm-list params=dom-id name-label=TecmintVM # xenstore-read /local/domain/1/console/vnc-port
Tsarin waɗannan umarni yana da mahimmanci! Umurni na farko zai dawo da lambar da ake buƙata don umarni na biyu.
Fitowa daga umarnin biyu yana da mahimmanci. Fitowar farko ta faɗi ID ɗin yanki wanda baƙon ke gudana a ciki; 1 a wannan yanayin. Umurni na gaba yana buƙatar lambar don tantance tashar tashar VNC don taron wasan bidiyo na baƙo. Fitowa daga wannan umarni yana ba da tashar tashar VNC wacce za a iya amfani da ita don haɗa bidiyo daga wannan baƙo na musamman.
Tare da bayanan da aka samu na sama, lokaci ya yi da za a canza zuwa tashar Linux kuma haɗa zuwa XenServer don duba taron wasan bidiyo na wannan baƙo. Don yin wannan, za a ƙirƙiri rami na SSH kuma za a saita tura tashar jiragen ruwa don jagorantar haɗin VNC na gida ta hanyar SSH. Wannan haɗin za a yi daga Linux Mint 17.2 na aiki amma ya kamata ya zama kama da sauran rabawa.
Mataki na farko shine tabbatar da cewa an shigar da abokin ciniki na OpenSSH da xtightnvcviewer akan mai masaukin Linux. A cikin Linux Mint ana iya cika wannan tare da umarni mai zuwa:
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-client xtightvncviewer
Wannan umarnin zai shigar da abubuwan da ake buƙata. Mataki na gaba shine ƙirƙirar rami na SSH zuwa mai watsa shiri na XenServer da saitin tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar tashar VNC da aka ƙayyade a baya akan mai masaukin XenServer (5902).
# ssh -L <any_port>:localhost:<VM_Port_Above> [email <server> -N # ssh -L 5902:localhost:5902 [email <servername> -N
Zaɓin '-L' yana gaya wa ssh zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa gaba. Tashar tashar farko na iya zama kowane tashar jiragen ruwa sama da 1024 wanda ba a amfani da shi akan injin Mint na Linux. The 'localhost: 5902' yana nuna cewa ya kamata a tura zirga-zirga zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na gida mai nisa 5902 a cikin wannan yanayin shine tashar XenServer VNC na TecmintVM.
Ana iya duba umarnin ''lsof'' ramin a cikin fitarwa.
$ sudo lsof -i | grep 5902
Anan ramin yana saitin kuma yana sauraron haɗi. Yanzu lokaci yayi da za a buɗe haɗin VNC zuwa baƙo akan XenServer. Mai amfani da aka shigar shine 'xvncviewer' kuma haɗin ssh don tura zirga-zirga zuwa XenServer yana sauraron 'localhost: 5902' don haka za'a iya gina umarnin da ya dace.
$ xvncviewer localhost:5902
Voila! Akwai zaman wasan bidiyo na TecmintVM wanda ke gudana Debian Network Installer yana jiran aikin shigarwa ya fara. A wannan lokacin, shigarwar yana ci gaba kamar kowane shigarwar Debian.
Har zuwa wannan batu, duk abin da ke tare da XenServer an yi shi ta hanyar layin umarni (CLI). Duk da yake yawancin masu amfani da Linux suna jin daɗin CLI, akwai abubuwan amfani waɗanda ke wanzu don sauƙaƙe aiwatar da sarrafa rundunonin XenServer da wuraren waha. Labari na gaba a cikin wannan jerin zai rufe shigar da waɗannan kayan aikin don masu amfani waɗanda ke son yin amfani da tsarin zane maimakon CLI.