Yadda ake Gyarawa da Rage Rarraba Tsarin Tsarin Linux da Littattafai

Mutanen da ke amfani da Linux galibi suna tunanin cewa baya buƙatar lalata. Wannan rashin fahimta ce gama gari a tsakanin masu amfani da Linux. A zahiri, tsarin aiki na Linux yana goyan bayan ɓarna. Ma'anar ɓarna shine haɓaka ayyukan I/O kamar ƙyale bidiyoyin gida su yi sauri da sauri ko cire ma'ajiyar bayanai cikin sauri.

Linux ext2, ext3 da ext4 tsarin fayil ba sa buƙatar kulawa mai yawa, amma tare da lokaci, bayan aiwatar da yawancin karantawa da rubutawa tsarin fayil na iya buƙatar haɓakawa. In ba haka ba, rumbun kwamfutarka na iya zama a hankali kuma yana iya shafar tsarin gaba ɗaya.

A cikin wannan koyawa zan nuna muku ƴan dabaru daban-daban don aiwatar da ɓarna akan fayiloli. Kafin mu fara, ya kamata mu ambaci abin da tsarin fayil gama gari kamar ext2,3,4 suke yi don hana rarrabuwa. Waɗannan tsarin fayil ɗin sun haɗa da dabara don hana tasirin. Misali tsarin fayil yana adana ƙungiyoyin toshe kyauta akan rumbun kwamfutarka don adana fayilolin girma gaba ɗaya.

Abin takaici ba a koyaushe ana magance matsalar da irin wannan tsarin ba. Yayin da sauran tsarin aiki na iya buƙatar ƙarin software mai tsada don magance irin waɗannan matsalolin, Linux yana da sauƙin shigar kayan aikin da za su iya taimaka muku warware irin waɗannan matsalolin.

Yadda ake Duba Tsarin Fayil na Bukatar Ragewa?

Kafin mu fara Ina so in nuna cewa ayyukan da ke ƙasa yakamata a gudanar dasu akan HDDs kawai ba akan SSD ba. Defragging na SSD ɗinku zai ƙara ƙidayar karantawa/rubutu kawai don haka ya rage rayuwarsa. Madadin haka, idan kuna amfani da SSD, yakamata kuyi amfani da aikin TRIM, wanda ba a rufe shi a cikin wannan koyawa.

bari mu gwada idan tsarin yana buƙatar ƙaddamarwa. Za mu iya sauƙaƙe wannan tare da kayan aiki kamar e2fsck. Kafin kayi amfani da wannan kayan aikin akan wani bangare akan tsarin ku, ana ba da shawarar ku cire wannan ɓangaren da shi. Wannan ba lallai ba ne gaba ɗaya, amma hanya ce mai aminci ta bi:

$ sudo umount <device file>

A cikin akwati na ina da /dev/sda1 da aka saka a /tmp:

Ka tuna cewa a cikin yanayinka tebur ɗin ɓangaren na iya bambanta don haka tabbatar da cire ɓangaren ɓangaren dama. Don cire wannan bangare zaka iya amfani da:

$ sudo umount /dev/sda1

Yanzu bari mu bincika idan wannan ɓangaren yana buƙatar ɓarna, tare da e2fsck. Kuna buƙatar gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:

$ sudo e2fsck -fn /dev/sda1

Umurnin da ke sama zai yi duba tsarin fayil. Zaɓin -f yana tilasta rajistan, koda tsarin yana da tsabta. Ana amfani da zaɓin -n don buɗe tsarin fayil ɗin a cikin karanta kawai kuma a ɗauki amsar \a'a\ ga duk tambayoyin da ka iya bayyana.

Wannan zaɓin yana ba da izinin amfani da e2fsck ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba. Idan komai yayi kyau, yakamata ku ga sakamako kama da wanda aka nuna akan hoton da ke ƙasa:

Ga wani misali da ke nuna kurakurai akan tsarin:

Yadda ake Gyara Tsarin Fayil na Linux Amfani da e2fsck

Idan kurakurai sun bayyana, zaku iya ƙoƙarin gyara tsarin fayil tare da e2fsck tare da zaɓin -p. Lura cewa don gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa, ɓangaren zai buƙaci cirewa:

$ sudo e2fsck -p <device file>

Zaɓuɓɓukan -p suna ƙoƙarin gyara atomatik akan tsarin fayil don matsalolin da za a iya gyarawa ba tare da sa hannun mutum ba. Idan an gano matsala wanda zai iya buƙatar mai sarrafa tsarin ya ɗauki ƙarin matakan gyara, e2fsck zai buga bayanin matsalar kuma zai fita tare da lamba 4, wanda ke nufin Kurakurai tsarin fayil ba a gyara su ba. Dangane da batun da aka samo, ana iya buƙatar ayyuka daban-daban.

Idan batun ya bayyana akan sashin da ba za a iya cirewa ba, zaku iya amfani da wani kayan aiki mai suna e4defrag. Ya zo an riga an shigar dashi akan yawancin distros na Linux, amma idan ba ku da shi akan naku, zaku iya shigar dashi tare da:

$ sudo apt-get install e2fsprogs         [On Debian and Derivatives]
# yum install e2fsprogs                  [On CentOS based systems]
# dnf install e2fsprogs                  [On Fedora 22+ versions] 

Yadda ake Defragment Linux Partitions

Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a lalata sassan Linux ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo e4defrag <location>
or
$ sudo e4defrag <device>

Yadda ake Defragment Linux Directory

Misali, idan kuna son lalata kundin adireshi ɗaya ko na'ura, zaku iya amfani da:

$ sudo e4defrag /home/user/directory/
# sudo e4defrag /dev/sda5

Yadda za a Defragment Duk Linux Partitions

Idan kun fi son lalata tsarin ku gaba ɗaya, hanyar amintacciyar hanyar yin haka ita ce:

$ sudo e4defrag /

Ka tuna cewa wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kafin a kammala.

Kammalawa

Defragmentation aiki ne da ba za ku buƙaci gudanar da shi a cikin Linux ba. Ana nufin ga masu amfani da wutar lantarki waɗanda suka san ainihin abin da suke yi kuma ba a ba da shawarar ga sababbin sababbin Linux ba. Mahimman aikin gabaɗayan shine a inganta tsarin fayil ɗin ku domin a aiwatar da sabbin ayyukan karantawa/rubutu cikin inganci.