Bitar Tushen Python da Ƙirƙirar Aikace-aikacen Yanar Gizonku na Farko tare da Django - Part 2


Kamar yadda muka yi sharhi a taƙaice game da labarin ƙarshe na wannan jerin, Django kyauta ne kuma buɗaɗɗen tsarin gidan yanar gizo wanda ke juya ci gaban aikace-aikacen zuwa aiki mai sauri da aka yi ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa - daga ra'ayi na mai tsara shirye-shirye.

Don yin haka, Django yana bin tsarin ƙira na MVC (Model - View - Controller), ko kuma matsayin su na FAQs, za a iya kwatanta shi a matsayin tsarin MTV (Model - Template - View).

A cikin Django, view yana kwatanta bayanan da aka gabatar ga mai amfani, yayin da samfurin ya bayyana yadda aka gabatar da bayanan. A ƙarshe, samfurin shine tushen bayanai game da bayanai a cikin aikace-aikacen.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu sake nazarin wasu mahimman abubuwan Python kuma mu bayyana yadda ake shirya yanayin ku don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen yanar gizo mai sauƙi a cikin koyawa ta gaba.

Koyi Wasu Ka'idodin Python

A matsayin yaren shirye-shiryen da ya dace da abu, Python yana tsara abubuwa cikin tarin abubuwa masu kaddarorin (wanda kuma aka sani da sifa) da hanyoyin (wanda kuma aka sani da ayyuka). Wannan yana ba mu damar ayyana abu sau ɗaya sannan kuma mu ƙirƙiri lokuta da yawa na irin waɗannan abubuwa tare da tsari iri ɗaya na kadarori da hanyoyin ba tare da rubuta komai daga karce kowane lokaci ba. Don haka ana siffanta abubuwa ta azuzuwan da ke wakiltar su.

Misali, ana iya siffanta abu na mutum kamar haka:

  1. Mutum.tsawo
  2. Nauyin mutum
  3. Mutum. shekaru
  4. Kabilar mutum

  1. Mutum.ci()
  2. Mutum.barci()
  3. Mutum.walk()

Kamar yadda yake a yawancin yarukan shirye-shirye, ana siffanta kadara da sunan abun da ɗigo da sunan sifa, yayin da ana nuna hanyar a cikin tsari iri ɗaya amma kuma ana biye da bakunan baka biyu (waɗanda za su zama fanko ko a'a – a cikin Har ila yau, yana iya ƙunsar maɓalli a kan ƙimar wanda hanyar za ta yi aiki, kamar Person.eat(cake) ko Person.sleep(yanzu), don suna wasu misalai).

Don ayyana hanyoyi a cikin Python, zaku yi amfani da kalmar def, sannan sunan hanyar da saitin ƙididdiga, tare da wani abu na zaɓi kamar yadda zaku gani a cikin minti ɗaya.

Duk waɗannan za su ƙara bayyana a cikin sashe na gaba inda za mu nutse cikin misali na gaske.

Ƙirƙirar tsarin aikace-aikacen yanar gizo

Kamar yadda za ku iya tunawa daga Sashe na 1 na wannan jerin Django, mun ce aikace-aikacen yanar gizon yana buƙatar ma'ajin bayanai don adana bayanai. Lokacin da ka ƙirƙiri ƙa'ida, Django ta atomatik yana saita bayanan Sqlite wanda ke aiki daidai ga ƙanana zuwa aikace-aikacen matsakaici, kuma shine abin da za mu yi amfani da shi a wannan yanayin don adana bayanai don ƙa'idar gidan yanar gizo ta farko: blog.

Don fara sabon aikace-aikacen a cikin aikin (a hanya, kuna iya tunanin aiki azaman tarin aikace-aikacen yanar gizo), gudanar da umarni mai zuwa bayan kunna yanayin kama-da-wane da muka kafa a Sashe na 1 na wannan jerin.

# cd ~/myfirstdjangoenv/
# source myfirstdjangoenv/bin/activate
# cd ~/myfirstdjangoenv/myfirstdjangoproject
# python manage.py startapp myblog

Lura cewa zaku iya canza sunan app (myblog) don sunan zaɓinku - wannan shine kawai ganowa ga aikace-aikacen (ku lura cewa duk ayyukan gudanarwa ana kiransu ta hanyar rubutun manage.py python binary - jin kyauta don bincika lambar tushe idan kuna da minti daya):

Yanzu bari mu shiga cikin directory myfirstdjangoproject na ciki kuma nemo fayil ɗin settings.py, inda zamu gaya wa Django yayi amfani da myblog azaman aikace-aikace:

# cd ~/myfirstdjangoenv/myfirstdjangoproject/myfirstdjangoproject

Nemo sashin INSTALLED_APPS kuma ƙara myblog cikin ƙididdiga guda ɗaya kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myblog'
)

(Ta hanyar, layukan da suka fara da django a sama suna wakiltar sauran aikace-aikacen Django waɗanda aka kunna a cikin aikin na yanzu ta atomatik lokacin da aka fara ƙirƙira shi kuma yakamata su taimaka wa mai haɓakawa a rubuta lambar da ta shafi gudanarwa, tabbatarwa, sanarwar nau'in abun ciki, da sauransu. akan, a cikin aikace-aikacensa).

Don haka, myblog za a kunna, tare da sauran ginanniyar aikace-aikacen, a cikin wannan misalin Django.