PowerTop - Yana Kula da Jimlar Amfani da Wuta da Inganta Rayuwar Batirin Laptop na Linux


Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman halayen injin Linux mai kyau musamman tare da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka shine sarrafa wutar lantarki ta fuskar tsawaita rayuwar batir. Linux yana da abubuwan amfani waɗanda za su iya taimaka muku don saka idanu da kuma lura da aikin baturin ku, kodayake yawancin mu har yanzu suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen samun saitunan wutar lantarki masu dacewa don sarrafa amfani da wutar lantarki da inganta rayuwar batir.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu kalli wani kayan aiki na Linux mai suna PowerTOP wanda ke taimaka muku samun saitunan tsarin da suka dace don sarrafa iko akan injin Linux ɗin ku.

PowerTOP kayan aikin bincike ne na tasha wanda Intel ya haɓaka wanda ke taimaka muku saka idanu akan amfani da wutar lantarki ta shirye-shiryen da ke gudana akan tsarin Linux lokacin da ba a haɗa shi zuwa tushen wuta ba.

Wani muhimmin fasalin PowerTOP shine yana ba da yanayin hulɗa wanda ke ba mai amfani damar yin gwaji tare da saitunan sarrafa wutar lantarki daban-daban.

PowerTOP yana buƙatar abubuwa masu zuwa:

  1. Kayan haɓakawa kamar C++, g++, libstdc++, autoconf, automake, da libtool.
  2. Bugu da ƙari ga abubuwan da ke sama, yana kuma buƙatar pcutils-devel, ncurses-devel da abubuwan haɓaka-libnl-devel
  3. Sigar kernel => 2.6.38

Yadda ake Sanya Powertop a Linux

Ana iya samun PowerTOP cikin sauƙi don shigarwa daga tsoffin ma'ajin tsarin ta amfani da mai sarrafa fakitin ku.

$ sudo apt-get install powertop			[On Debian based systems]
# yum install powertop				[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install powertop				[On Fedora 22+ systems]

Muhimmi: Da fatan za a lura cewa shigar da powertop daga tsoffin ma'ajin tsarin, zai sami tsohuwar sigar.

Idan kana neman shigar da sigar baya-bayan nan (watau v2.7 wanda aka saki a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2014) na powertop, dole ne ka gina shi kuma ka sanya shi daga tushe, don wannan dole ne ka sami abubuwan dogaro da aka shigar akan tsarin.

------------------- On Debian based Systems -------------------
# apt-get install build-essential ncurses-dev libnl-dev pciutils-dev libpci-dev libtool
------------------- On RedHat based Systems -------------------
# yum install gcc-c++ ncurses-devel libnl-devel pciutils-devel libtool

Bayan shigar da duk fakitin da ake buƙata a sama, yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a zazzage mafi yawan sabbin sigar PowerTop kuma shigar da shi kamar yadda aka ba da shawara:

# wget https://01.org/sites/default/files/downloads/powertop/powertop-2.7.tar.gz
# tar -xvf powertop-2.7.tar.gz
# cd powertop-2.7/
# ./configure
# make && make install

Ta yaya zan yi amfani da PowerTop a Linux?

Don amfani da wannan kayan aikin, mutum yana buƙatar tushen gata saboda duk bayanan da ake buƙata ta powertop don auna amfani da wutar lantarki ta aikace-aikacen ana tattara su kai tsaye daga kayan aikin tsarin.

Yi ƙoƙarin amfani da shi tare da ƙarfin baturin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka don ganin tasirin akan tsarin. Yana nuna jimillar amfani da wutar lantarki ta tsarin kuma ta kowane ɓangaren tsarin da aka jera a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan na'urori ne: na'urori, matakai, mai ƙidayar tsarin, ayyukan kernel da katsewa.

Don saita duk zaɓuɓɓukan tunabale zuwa mafi kyawun saitunan ba tare da yanayin hulɗa ba, yi amfani da zaɓin --auto-tune.

Don gudanar da shi a yanayin daidaitawa, yi amfani da zaɓin --calibrate. Idan kun kunna powertop akan baturin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, yana bin ikon amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma tafiyar matakai da ke gudana akan tsarin kuma bayan samun isassun ma'aunin wutar lantarki, yana ba da rahoton ƙididdigar wutar lantarki.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da wannan zaɓi don samun ƙarin ƙididdiga masu dacewa lokacin amfani da wannan zaɓi, don aiwatar da sake zagayowar daidaitawa ta matakan nuni daban-daban da nauyin aiki.

Don gudanar da shi a yanayin gyara kuskure, yi amfani da zaɓin --debug.

Hakanan zaka iya samar da rahoto don nazarin bayanai ta amfani da --csv= filename. Rahoton da aka samar ana kiransa rahoton CSV kuma idan baku fitar da sunan fayil ba, ana amfani da sunan tsoho powertop.csv.

Don samar da fayil ɗin rahoton html, yi amfani da zaɓin --html=filename. Kuna iya ƙayyade tsawon lokacin da za a iya samar da rahoto ta hanyar amfani da --time= seconds.

Kuna iya ƙayyade fayil ɗin nauyin aiki don aiwatarwa azaman ɓangaren daidaitawa kafin samar da rahoto ta amfani da --workload=workload_filename.

Don nuna saƙonnin taimako yi amfani da zaɓin --help ko duba shafin yanar gizon.

Don tantance adadin lokuta yakamata a gudanar da gwaji ta amfani da zaɓin --iteration.

Amfani da PowerTop tare da Misalai

Idan kuna gudanar da powertop ba tare da ɗayan zaɓuɓɓukan da ke sama ba, yana farawa a cikin yanayin mu'amala kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fitarwa a ƙasa.

# powertop

Wannan allon nuni yana ba ku damar duba jerin abubuwan tsarin da ke aika farkawa ga CPU akai-akai ko kuma suke amfani da mafi ƙarfi akan tsarin.

Yana nuna bayanai daban-daban game da jihohin C-processor.

Wannan allon yana nuna mitar farkawa ga CPU.

Yana ba da bayanai kama da allon nuni na Overview amma don na'urori kawai.

Yana ba da shawarwari don inganta tsarin ku don kyakkyawan amfani da wutar lantarki.

Kamar yadda kuke gani daga abubuwan da aka fitar a sama, akwai nau'ikan nunin nuni daban-daban kuma don canzawa tsakanin su, zaku iya amfani da maɓallin Tab da Shift+Tab. Fita powertop ta latsa maɓallin Esc kamar yadda aka jera a ƙasan allon.

Yana nuna adadin lokutan da na'urar ku ke farkawa kowace daƙiƙa, lokacin da kuka duba allon nunin ƙididdiga na na'urar, yana nuna ƙididdiga na amfani da wutar lantarki ta sassa daban-daban na hardware da direbobi.

Don ƙara ƙarfin baturi, dole ne ka rage girman farkawa na tsarin. Kuma don yin wannan, zaku iya amfani da allon nunin Tunables.

\Bad yana gano saitin da baya ajiye wuta, amma yana iya zama mai kyau ga aikin tsarin ku.

Sannan \Good yana gano saitin da ke ajiye wuta. Danna maɓallin [Enter] akan kowane mai kunnawa don canza shi zuwa wani saitin.

Misalin da ke ƙasa yana nuna fitarwa lokacin amfani da zaɓin --calibrate.

# powertop --calibrate

Bayan zagayowar daidaitawa, powertop zai nuna allon bayyani tare da taƙaitaccen ayyuka kamar ƙasa.

Misali na gaba yana nuna samar da rahoton CSV na daƙiƙa ashirin.

# powertop --csv=powertop_report.txt --time=20s

Yanzu bari mu duba rahoton CSV ta amfani da umarnin cat.

# cat powertop_report.csv

Kuna iya samar da rahoton html kamar haka, ana ƙara ƙarin fayil ɗin html ta atomatik zuwa sunan fayil ɗin.

# powertop --html=powertop

Samfurin rahoton fayil ɗin html kamar yadda aka duba shi daga mai bincike.

Hakanan wannan kayan aikin yana da sabis na daemon wanda ke taimakawa don saita duk abubuwan kunnawa kai tsaye zuwa \Mai kyau don ingantaccen wutar lantarki, kuma zaku iya amfani dashi kamar haka:

# systmctl start powertop.service

Don fara sabis ɗin daemon a lokacin taya, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:

# systemctl enable powertop.service

Takaitawa

Kuna buƙatar yin taka tsantsan yayin amfani da sabis na daemon saboda wasu abubuwan tunables suna haifar da haɗarin asarar bayanai ko halayen kayan masarufi na tsarin. Wannan yana bayyana tare da saitunan\VM rubuta baya wanda ke shafar lokacin da na'urar ku ke jira kafin rubuta kowane canje-canje na bayanai zuwa ainihin faifai.
Lokacin da tsarin ya rasa duk ƙarfinsa, to kuna haɗarin rasa duk canje-canjen da aka yi akan bayanai na ƴan daƙiƙa na ƙarshe. Don haka dole ne ku zaɓi tsakanin ajiyar wuta da kiyaye bayanan ku.

Yi ƙoƙarin amfani da wannan kayan aikin na ɗan lokaci kuma duba aikin baturin ku. Kuna iya buga tsokaci don gaya mana game da wasu kayan aikin makamantansu da yawa ko ƙara bayani game da amfani da powertop, game da kuskuren da kuka fuskanta. Ka tuna koyaushe ka kasance cikin haɗin kai zuwa Tecment don samun ƙarin irin waɗannan jagororin.