Yadda ake saka idanu akan Ci gaban bayanan (Copy/Ajiyayyen/Damfara) ta amfani da pv Command


Lokacin yin madogara, jurewa/matsar da manyan fayiloli akan tsarin Linux ɗinku, ƙila kuna son saka idanu akan ci gaban wani aiki mai gudana. Yawancin kayan aikin tasha ba su da aikin da zai ba ka damar duba bayanan ci gaba lokacin da umarni ke gudana a cikin bututu.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu dubi wani muhimmin umarni na Linux/Unix da ake kira pv.

Pv kayan aiki ne mai tushe wanda ke ba ka damar saka idanu kan ci gaban bayanan da ake aika ta bututu. Lokacin amfani da umarnin pv, yana ba ku nuni na gani na bayanan masu zuwa:

  1. Lokacin da ya wuce.
  2. Kashi da aka kammala gami da mashigin ci gaba.
  3. Yana nuna ƙimar kayan aiki na yanzu.
  4. Jimlar bayanan da aka canjawa wuri.
  5. da ETA (ƙididdigar lokaci).

Yadda za a Shigar pv Command a Linux?

Ba a shigar da wannan umarni ta tsohuwa akan yawancin rarrabawar Linux ba, saboda haka zaku iya shigar da shi ta bin matakan da ke ƙasa.

Da farko kuna buƙatar kunna ma'ajiyar EPEL sannan ku gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# yum install pv
# dnf install pv            [On Fedora 22+ versions]
Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================
 Package       Arch              Version                   Repository       Size
=================================================================================
Installing:
 pv            x86_64            1.4.6-1.el7               epel             47 k

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 47 k
Installed size: 93 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
pv-1.4.6-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                 |  47 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : pv-1.4.6-1.el7.x86_64                                         1/1 
  Verifying  : pv-1.4.6-1.el7.x86_64                                         1/1 

Installed:
  pv.x86_64 0:1.4.6-1.el7                                                        

Complete!
# apt-get install pv
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  pv
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 533 not upgraded.
Need to get 33.7 kB of archives.
After this operation, 160 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe pv amd64 1.2.0-1 [33.7 kB]
Fetched 33.7 kB in 0s (48.9 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package pv.
(Reading database ... 216340 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../archives/pv_1.2.0-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking pv (1.2.0-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up pv (1.2.0-1) ...
# emerge --ask sys-apps/pv

Kuna iya amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa don shigar da ita kamar haka:

# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/pv/
# make install clean

KO ƙara kunshin binary kamar haka:

# pkg_add -r pv

Ta yaya zan yi amfani da umarnin pv a cikin Linux?

pv yawanci ana amfani da shi tare da wasu shirye-shirye waɗanda ba su da ikon sa ido kan ci gaban aiki mai gudana. Kuna iya amfani da shi, ta hanyar sanya shi a cikin bututu tsakanin matakai guda biyu, tare da zaɓuɓɓukan da suka dace.

Za a wuce daidaitattun shigarwar pv zuwa daidaitattun fitarwa kuma za a buga ci gaba (fitarwa) akan daidaitaccen kuskure. Yana da irin wannan hali kamar umarnin cat a cikin Linux.

Tsarin umarnin pv kamar haka:

pv file
pv options file
pv file > filename.out
pv options | command > filename.out
comand1 | pv | command2 

Zaɓuɓɓukan da aka yi amfani da su tare da pv sun kasu kashi uku, masu sauya nuni, masu gyara fitarwa da zaɓuɓɓukan gaba ɗaya.

  1. Don kunna sandar nuni, yi amfani da zaɓin -p.
  2. Don duba lokacin da ya wuce, yi amfani da zaɓin –timer.
  3. Don kunna mai ƙidayar lokaci ETA wanda ke ƙoƙarin tantance tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka kafin kammala aiki, yi amfani da zaɓin –eta. Hasashen ya dogara ne akan ƙimar canja wurin da ta gabata da jimillar girman bayanai.
  4. Don kunna ma'aunin ƙima yi amfani da zaɓin -rate.
  5. Don nuna jimlar adadin bayanan da aka canjawa wuri zuwa yanzu, yi amfani da zaɓin -bytes.
  6. Don nuna bayanin ci gaba na adadin lamba maimakon nuni na gani, yi amfani da zaɓin -n. Wannan na iya zama mai kyau yayin amfani da pv tare da umarnin maganganu don nuna ci gaba a cikin akwatin maganganu.

  1. Don jira har sai an canja wurin byte na farko kafin nuna bayanin ci gaba, yi amfani da zaɓin –wait.
  2. Don ɗauka jimillar adadin bayanan da za'a canjawa shine SIZE bytes lokacin lissafin kashi da ETA, yi amfani da zaɓin-Size SIZE.
  3. Don tantance sakanni tsakanin sabuntawa, yi amfani da zaɓin -interval SECONDS.
  4. Yin amfani da zaɓi don tilasta aiki. Wannan zaɓin yana tilasta pv don nuna abubuwan gani lokacin da kuskuren kuskure ba tasha ba ne.
  5. Zaɓuɓɓukan gabaɗaya sune -taimako don nuna bayanan amfani da -version don nuna bayanin sigar.

Yi amfani da umarnin pv tare da Misalai

1. Lokacin da babu wani zaɓi da aka haɗa, umarnin pv yana gudana tare da tsoho -p, -t, -e, -r da -b zaɓuɓɓuka.

Misali, don kwafi fayil ɗin opensuse.vdi zuwa /tmp/opensuse.vdi, gudanar da wannan umarni kuma duba sandar ci gaba a cikin sikirin allo.

# pv opensuse.vdi > /tmp/opensuse.vdi

2. Don yin fayil ɗin zip daga fayil ɗin /var/log/syslog, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

# pv /var/log/syslog | zip > syslog.zip

3. Don ƙidaya adadin layi, kalma da bytes a cikin /etc/hosts fayil yayin nuna ci gaba kawai, gudanar da wannan umarni a ƙasa.

# pv -p /etc/hosts | wc

4. Kula da ci gaban ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin ajiya ta amfani da utility tar.

# tar -czf - ./Downloads/ | (pv -p --timer --rate --bytes > backup.tgz)

5. Yin amfani da pv da kayan aiki na tushen maganganu tare don ƙirƙirar mashaya ci gaban maganganu kamar haka.

# tar -czf - ./Documents/ | (pv -n > backup.tgz) 2>&1 | dialog --gauge "Progress" 10 70

Takaitawa

Wannan kayan aiki ne mai kyau na tushen tashar da za ku iya amfani da su tare da kayan aikin da ba su da iko, don saka idanu kan ci gaban ayyuka kamar su magance/motsi/tallafawa fayiloli, don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan duba man pv.

Ina fatan kun sami wannan labarin yana taimakawa kuma zaku iya yin sharhi idan kuna da wasu ra'ayoyi don ƙara game da amfani da umarnin pv. Kuma idan kun sami wasu kurakurai yayin amfani da shi, kuna iya barin sharhi.