Yadda ake Saita Postfix Mail Server (SMTP) ta amfani da Kanfigareshan abokin ciniki mara amfani - Sashe na 9


Ba tare da la’akari da yawancin hanyoyin sadarwar yanar gizo da ake da su a yau ba, imel ya kasance hanya ce mai amfani don isar da saƙonni daga wannan ƙarshen duniya zuwa wani, ko kuma ga mutumin da ke zaune a ofis kusa da namu.

Hoton da ke gaba yana kwatanta tsarin jigilar imel ɗin farawa daga mai aikawa har saƙon ya isa akwatin saƙon mai karɓa:

Don yin hakan, abubuwa da yawa suna faruwa a bayan fage. Domin isar da saƙon imel daga aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki (kamar Thunderbird, Outlook, ko sabis na saƙon gidan yanar gizo kamar Gmail ko Yahoo! Mail) zuwa sabar wasiƙa, daga nan zuwa uwar garken inda aka nufa kuma a ƙarshe zuwa ga mai karɓan sa. dole ne sabis na SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ya kasance a wurin kowace sabar.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a cikin wannan labarin za mu yi bayanin yadda ake saita uwar garken SMTP a cikin RHEL 7 inda ake aika imel da masu amfani da gida (har da sauran masu amfani da gida) ke aikawa zuwa uwar garken imel na tsakiya don samun sauƙi.

A cikin buƙatun jarrabawa ana kiran wannan saitin abokin ciniki mara amfani.

Yanayin gwajin mu zai ƙunshi asalin sabar saƙo da sabar saƙo ta tsakiya ko relayhost.

Original Mail Server: (hostname: box1.mydomain.com / IP: 192.168.0.18) 
Central Mail Server: (hostname: mail.mydomain.com / IP: 192.168.0.20)

Don ƙudurin suna za mu yi amfani da sanannen /etc/hosts file akan akwatunan biyu:

192.168.0.18    box1.mydomain.com       box1
192.168.0.20    mail.mydomain.com       mail

Shigar da Bayanan Postfix da Firewall/SELinux

Don farawa, za mu buƙaci (a cikin sabobin biyu):

1. Sanya Postfix:

# yum update && yum install postfix

2. Fara sabis ɗin kuma ba shi damar aiki akan sake yi a nan gaba:

# systemctl start postfix
# systemctl enable postfix

3. Bada izinin zirga-zirga ta hanyar Tacewar zaɓi:

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=smtp
# firewall-cmd --add-service=smtp

4. Sanya Postfix akan box1.mydomain.com.

Babban fayil ɗin sanyi na Postfix yana cikin /etc/postfix/main.cf. Wannan fayil ɗin kanta babban tushen takaddun bayanai ne kamar yadda bayanan da aka haɗa suka bayyana manufar saitunan shirin.

Don taƙaitawa, bari mu nuna layin da ake buƙatar gyara kawai (eh, kuna buƙatar barin ɓoyayyen ɓoye a cikin uwar garken asali; in ba haka ba za a adana imel ɗin a cikin gida sabanin cikin sabar saƙo ta tsakiya wanda shine ainihin abin da muke so):

myhostname = box1.mydomain.com
mydomain = mydomain.com
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = loopback-only
mydestination =
relayhost = 192.168.0.20

5. Sanya Postfix akan mail.mydomain.com.

myhostname = mail.mydomain.com
mydomain = mydomain.com
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8

Kuma saita SELinux boolean mai alaƙa zuwa gaskiya har abada idan ba a riga an yi ba:

# setsebool -P allow_postfix_local_write_mail_spool on

Boolean SELinux na sama zai ba da damar Postfix ya rubuta zuwa ga sabar wasiƙa a cikin sabar ta tsakiya.

5. Sake kunna sabis akan sabobin biyu don canje-canjen suyi tasiri:

# systemctl restart postfix

Idan Postfix bai fara daidai ba, zaku iya amfani da umarni masu zuwa don magance matsala.

# systemctl –l status postfix
# journalctl –xn
# postconf –n

Gwada Sabar Sabis na Postfix

Don gwada sabar wasiku, zaku iya amfani da kowane Wakilin Mai Amfani da Saƙo (wanda akafi sani da MUA a takaice) kamar mail ko mutt.

Tun da mutt abin fi so ne na sirri, zan yi amfani da shi a cikin akwatin 1 don aika imel zuwa tecmint mai amfani ta amfani da fayil ɗin data kasance (mailbody.txt) azaman jikin saƙo:

# mutt -s "Part 9-RHCE series" [email  < mailbody.txt

Yanzu je zuwa sabar saƙon tsakiya (mail.mydomain.com), shiga azaman tecmint mai amfani, sannan duba ko an karɓi imel ɗin:

# su – tecmint
# mail

Idan ba a karɓi imel ɗin ba, duba tushen saƙon spool don faɗakarwa ko sanarwar kuskure. Hakanan kuna iya tabbatar da cewa sabis ɗin SMTP yana gudana akan sabobin biyu kuma tashar 25 tana buɗewa a cikin sabar saƙo ta tsakiya ta amfani da umarnin nmap:

# nmap -PN 192.168.0.20

Takaitawa

Saita sabar saƙo da mai watsa shirye-shirye kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan labarin wata fasaha ce mai mahimmanci wanda kowane mai gudanar da tsarin dole ne ya kasance da shi, kuma yana wakiltar tushe don fahimta da shigar da yanayin da ya fi rikitarwa kamar sabar saƙon wasiƙar da ke ɗaukar yanki mai rai ga da yawa (har ma daruruwan ko dubbai) na asusun imel.

(Lura cewa irin wannan saitin yana buƙatar uwar garken DNS, wanda ba shi da iyaka na wannan jagorar), amma zaka iya amfani da labarin mai zuwa don saita uwar garken DNS:

  1. Saitar Ma'ajiyar Sabar DNS kawai a cikin CentOS/RHEL 07

A ƙarshe, ina ba da shawarar ku sosai ku saba da fayil ɗin sanyi na Postfix (main.cf) da shafin mutumin shirin. Idan kuna shakka, kar a yi jinkirin sauke mana layi ta amfani da fom ɗin da ke ƙasa ko amfani da dandalinmu, Linuxsay.com, inda zaku sami kusan taimako nan take daga masana Linux daga ko'ina cikin duniya.