Pssh - Yi Umarni akan Sabar Linux Masu Nisa Ta Amfani da Tasha Guda


Babu shakka, cewa OpenSSH shine ɗayan kayan aikin da aka fi amfani dashi kuma mai ƙarfi don Linux, wanda ke ba ku damar haɗa amintaccen tsarin Linux mai nisa ta hanyar harsashi kuma yana ba ku damar canja wurin fayiloli amintattu zuwa kuma daga tsarin nesa.

Amma babban rashin amfani na OpenSSH shine, ba za ku iya aiwatar da umarni iri ɗaya akan runduna da yawa a lokaci ɗaya ba kuma OpenSSH ba ta haɓaka don yin irin waɗannan ayyuka ba. Wannan shine inda Parallel SSH ko kayan aikin PSSH ya zo da amfani, aikace-aikacen tushen Python ne, wanda ke ba ku damar aiwatar da umarni akan runduna da yawa a layi daya a lokaci guda.

Kar a Asara: Aiwatar da Umarni akan Sabar Linux da yawa Ta amfani da Kayan aikin DSH

Kayan aikin PSSH ya haɗa da sigogin layi ɗaya na OpenSSH da kayan aikin da ke da alaƙa kamar:

  1. pssh - shiri ne don gudanar da ssh a layi daya akan runduna masu nisa da yawa.
  2. pscp – shiri ne na kwafin fayiloli a layi daya da yawan runduna.
    1. Pscp – Kwafi/Canja wurin Fayiloli Biyu ko Sama da Sabar Linux mai Nisa

    Waɗannan kayan aikin suna da kyau ga Masu Gudanar da Tsarin waɗanda suka sami kansu suna aiki tare da tarin tarin nodes akan hanyar sadarwa.

    Sanya PSSH ko Parallel SSH akan Linux

    A cikin wannan jagorar, zamu duba matakai don shigar da sabuwar sigar PSSH (watau sigar 2.3.1) akan rarraba tushen Fedora kamar su CentOS/RedHat da abubuwan Debian kamar Ubuntu/Mint ta amfani da umarnin pip.

    Umurnin pip ƙaramin shiri ne (maye gurbin rubutun easy_install) don shigarwa da sarrafa ma'anar fakitin software na Python.

    A kan rarrabawar CentOS/RHEL, kuna buƙatar fara shigar da fakitin pip (watau python-pip) ƙarƙashin tsarin ku, don shigar da shirin PSSH.

    # yum install python-pip
    

    A kan Fedora 21+, kuna buƙatar gudanar da umarnin dnf maimakon yum (dnf ya maye gurbin yum).

    # dnf install python-pip
    

    Da zarar kun shigar da kayan aikin pip, zaku iya shigar da kunshin pssh tare da taimakon umarnin pip kamar yadda aka nuna.

    # pip install pssh  
    
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
      InsecurePlatformWarning
    You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 7.1.2 is available.
    You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
    Collecting pssh
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
      InsecurePlatformWarning
      Downloading pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz
    Installing collected packages: pssh
      Running setup.py install for pssh
    Successfully installed pssh-2.3.1
    

    Akan rarraba tushen Debian yana ɗaukar minti ɗaya don shigar da pssh ta amfani da umarnin pip.

    $ sudo apt-get install python-pip
    $ sudo pip install pssh
    
    Downloading/unpacking pssh
      Downloading pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz
      Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/pssh/setup.py) egg_info for package pssh
        
    Installing collected packages: pssh
      Running setup.py install for pssh
        changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/pssh from 644 to 755
        changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/pnuke from 644 to 755
        changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/prsync from 644 to 755
        changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/pslurp from 644 to 755
        changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/pscp from 644 to 755
        changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/pssh-askpass from 644 to 755
        
        changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pscp to 755
        changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pssh-askpass to 755
        changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pssh to 755
        changing mode of /usr/local/bin/prsync to 755
        changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pnuke to 755
        changing mode of /usr/local/bin/pslurp to 755
    Successfully installed pssh
    Cleaning up...
    

    Kamar yadda kuke gani daga fitarwar da ke sama, an riga an shigar da sabon sigar pssh akan tsarin.

    Ta yaya zan yi amfani da pssh?

    Lokacin amfani da pssh kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin mai watsa shiri tare da adadin runduna tare da adireshin IP da lambar tashar jiragen ruwa waɗanda kuke buƙatar haɗawa zuwa tsarin nesa ta amfani da pssh.

    Layukan da ke cikin fayil ɗin mai masaukin suna cikin tsari mai zuwa kuma suna iya haɗawa da layukan da ba komai ba da sharhi.

    192.168.0.10:22
    192.168.0.11:22
    

    Kuna iya aiwatar da kowane umarni ɗaya akan mabambantan ko mahara Linux runduna akan hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar gudanar da umarnin pssh. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don amfani da pssh kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa:

    Za mu dubi wasu hanyoyi na aiwatar da umarni akan yawan runduna ta amfani da pssh tare da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban.

    1. Don karanta fayil ɗin runduna, haɗa da -h host_file-name ko -hosts host_file_name zaɓi.
    2. Don haɗa sunan mai amfani na tsoho akan duk runduna waɗanda ba su bayyana takamaiman mai amfani ba, yi amfani da -l sunan mai amfani ko zaɓin sunan mai amfani.
    3. Hakanan zaka iya nuna daidaitaccen fitarwa da kuskuren daidaitaccen lokacin da kowane mai watsa shiri ya kammala. Ta amfani da zaɓin -i ko -inline.
    4. Kila kuna son sanya lokacin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙare bayan adadin daƙiƙa da aka bayar ta haɗa zaɓin -t number_of_seconds.
    5. Don adana daidaitaccen fitarwa zuwa kundin da aka bayar, zaku iya amfani da zaɓin -o /directory/path.
    6. Don neman kalmar sirri da aika zuwa ssh, yi amfani da zaɓin -A.

    Bari mu ga ƴan misalai da amfani da umarnin pssh:

    1. Don aiwatar da echo \Hello TecMint akan tashar tashar Linux da yawa ta tushen mai amfani da faɗakarwa ga kalmar sirrin mai amfani, gudanar da wannan umarni a ƙasa.

    Muhimmi: Ka tuna duk runduna dole ne a haɗa su cikin fayil ɗin mai watsa shiri.

    # pssh -h pssh-hosts -l root -A echo "Hello TecMint"
    
    Warning: do not enter your password if anyone else has superuser
    privileges or access to your account.
    Password: 
    [1] 15:54:55 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.10:22
    [2] 15:54:56 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.11:22
    

    Lura: A cikin umarnin da ke sama pssh-hosts fayil ne mai jerin adireshin IP na sabar Linux mai nisa da lambar tashar tashar SSH da kuke son aiwatar da umarni.

    2. Don gano yadda ake amfani da sararin diski akan sabar Linux da yawa akan hanyar sadarwar ku, zaku iya aiwatar da umarni ɗaya kamar haka.

    # pssh -h pssh-hosts -l root -A -i "df -hT"
    
    Warning: do not enter your password if anyone else has superuser
    privileges or access to your account.
    Password: 
    [1] 16:04:18 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.10:22
    Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sda3      ext4    38G  4.3G   32G  12% /
    tmpfs          tmpfs  499M     0  499M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1      ext4   190M   25M  156M  14% /boot
    
    [2] 16:04:18 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.11:22
    Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        30G  9.8G   20G  34% /
    devtmpfs                devtmpfs  488M     0  488M   0% /dev
    tmpfs                   tmpfs     497M  148K  497M   1% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                   tmpfs     497M  7.0M  490M   2% /run
    tmpfs                   tmpfs     497M     0  497M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/sda1               xfs       497M  166M  332M  34% /boot
    

    3. Idan kuna son sanin lokacin sabar Linux da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, to zaku iya aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa.

    # pssh -h pssh-hosts -l root -A -i "uptime"
    Warning: do not enter your password if anyone else has superuser
    privileges or access to your account.
    Password: 
    [1] 16:09:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.10:22
     16:09:01 up  1:00,  2 users,  load average: 0.07, 0.02, 0.00
    
    [2] 16:09:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.11:22
     06:39:03 up  1:00,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.06, 0.09
    

    Kuna iya duba shafin shigarwa na hannu don umarnin pssh don samun wasu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don nemo ƙarin hanyoyin amfani da pssh.

    # pssh --help
    

    Takaitawa

    Parallel SSH ko PSSH kayan aiki ne mai kyau don amfani da shi don aiwatar da umarni a cikin yanayin da Mai Gudanar da Tsari ya yi aiki tare da sabar da yawa akan hanyar sadarwa. Zai sauƙaƙa don aiwatar da umarni daga nesa akan runduna daban-daban akan hanyar sadarwa.

    Fata ku sami wannan jagorar mai amfani kuma idan akwai ƙarin bayani game da pssh ko kurakurai yayin shigarwa ko amfani da shi, jin daɗin yin sharhi.