Yadda Ake Sarrafa Sunayen Fayil Samun Wurare da Haruffa Na Musamman a Linux
Mun ci karo da fayiloli da manyan fayilolin suna akai-akai. A mafi yawan lokuta fayil/ sunan babban fayil yana da alaƙa da abun ciki na fayil/fayil kuma yana farawa da lamba da haruffa. Sunan fayil na Alpha-Lamba suna da kyau gama gari kuma ana amfani da su sosai, amma wannan ba haka bane lokacin da zamu yi hulɗa da fayil/ sunan babban fayil wanda ke da haruffa na musamman a cikinsu.
Lura: Za mu iya samun fayiloli na kowane nau'i amma don sauƙi da sauƙin aiwatarwa za mu yi hulɗa da Fayil ɗin Rubutu (.txt), a cikin labarin.
Misalin mafi yawan sunayen fayil sune:
abc.txt avi.txt debian.txt ...
Misalin sunayen fayil na lamba sune:
121.txt 3221.txt 674659.txt ...
Misalin sunayen fayil na Alpha-Numeric sune:
eg84235.txt 3kf43nl2.txt 2323ddw.txt ...
Misalai na sunayen fayil waɗanda ke da hali na musamman kuma ba kowa ba ne:
#232.txt #bkf.txt #bjsd3469.txt #121nkfd.txt -2232.txt -fbjdew.txt -gi32kj.txt --321.txt --bk34.txt ...
Daya daga cikin mafi bayyananniyar tambaya anan ita ce - wanene a duniya ya ƙirƙira/ma'amala da fayiloli/ sunan fayil yana da Hash (#), ƙaramin yanki (;), a dash (-) ko kowane irin hali na musamman.
Na yarda da ku, cewa irin waɗannan sunayen fayil ɗin ba na kowa ba ne har yanzu harsashin ku bai kamata ya karye/ya daina ba lokacin da za ku yi mu'amala da kowane irin sunayen fayil ɗin. Hakanan magana a zahiri kowane abu shine babban fayil, direba ko wani abu ana ɗaukarsa azaman fayil a cikin Linux.
Ma'amala da fayil ɗin da ke da dash (-) a cikin sunansa
Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin da ke farawa da dash (-) , ce -abx.txt.
$ touch -abc.txt
touch: invalid option -- 'b' Try 'touch --help' for more information.
Dalilin kuskuren sama, wannan harsashi yana fassara wani abu bayan dash (-) , azaman zaɓi, kuma a fili babu irin wannan zaɓi, don haka shine kuskuren.
Don warware irin wannan kuskuren, dole ne mu gaya wa Bash harsashi (yup wannan da yawancin sauran misalan a cikin labarin don BASH) kada su fassara wani abu bayan hali na musamman (a nan dash), a matsayin zaɓi.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don magance wannan kuskure kamar:
$ touch -- -abc.txt [Option #1] $ touch ./-abc.txt [Option #2]
Kuna iya tabbatar da fayil ɗin ta haka duka hanyoyin da ke sama suka ƙirƙira ta hanyar gudanar da umarni ls ko ls -l don dogon jeri.
$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 0 Jun 8 11:05 -abc.txt
Don gyara fayil ɗin da ke sama zaku iya yin:
$ nano -- -abc.txt or $ nano ./-abc.txt
Lura: Kuna iya maye gurbin nano tare da kowane editan da kuka zaɓa ya ce vim kamar:
$ vim -- -abc.txt or $ vim ./-abc.txt
Hakanan don matsar da irin wannan fayil dole ne ku yi:
$ mv -- -abc.txt -a.txt or $ mv -- -a.txt -abc.txt
kuma don Share wannan fayil, dole ne ku yi:
$ rm -- -abc.txt or $ rm ./-abc.txt
Idan kuna da fayiloli da yawa a cikin babban fayil sunansu ya ƙunshi dash, kuma kuna son share su gaba ɗaya, yi kamar haka:
$ rm ./-*
1. Ka'ida ɗaya kamar yadda aka tattauna a sama tana biye da kowane adadin ƙararrawa a cikin sunan fayil ɗin da abin da ya faru. Viz., -a-b-c.txt, ab-c.txt, abc-.txt, da sauransu.
2. Ka’ida kamar yadda aka yi bayani a sama ta biyo bayan sunan babban fayil din yana da kowane nau’i na hypen da abin da ya faru, sai dai cewa don goge babban fayil ɗin dole ne a yi amfani da ‘rm -rf’ kamar:
$ rm -rf -- -abc or $ rm -rf ./-abc
Ma'amala da fayilolin da ke da HASH (#) a cikin sunan
Alamar # tana da ma'ana daban a cikin BASH. Duk wani abu bayan # ana fassara shi azaman sharhi kuma don haka BASH yayi watsi da shi.
ƙirƙirar fayil #abc.txt.
$ touch #abc.txt
touch: missing file operand Try 'touch --help' for more information.
Dalilin kuskuren sama, cewa Bash yana fassara #abc.txt sharhi kuma don haka watsi da shi. Don haka an wuce umarnin taɓawa ba tare da wani fayil na Operand ba, don haka ne kuskuren.
Don warware irin wannan kuskuren, kuna iya tambayar BASH kar ta fassara # azaman sharhi.
$ touch ./#abc.txt or $ touch '#abc.txt'
kuma tabbatar da fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira kamar haka:
$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 0 Jun 8 12:14 #abc.txt
Yanzu ƙirƙirar fayil wanda sunan sa ya ƙunshi # ko'ina sai dai a wurin bara.
$ touch ./a#bc.txt $ touch ./abc#.txt or $ touch 'a#bc.txt' $ touch 'abc#.txt'
Gudun 'ls-l' don tabbatar da shi:
$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 0 Jun 8 12:16 a#bc.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 0 Jun 8 12:16 abc#.txt
Me zai faru idan kun ƙirƙiri fayiloli guda biyu (ce a da #bc) lokaci ɗaya:
$ touch a.txt #bc.txt
Tabbatar da fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira yanzu:
$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 0 Jun 8 12:18 a.txt
Babu shakka daga misalin da ke sama ya ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin 'a' kawai kuma an yi watsi da fayil ɗin '#bc'. Don aiwatar da yanayin da ke sama cikin nasara za mu iya yi,
$ touch a.txt ./#bc.txt or $ touch a.txt '#bc.txt'
kuma tabbatar da shi kamar haka:
$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 0 Jun 8 12:20 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 0 Jun 8 12:20 #bc.txt
Kuna iya matsar da fayil ɗin kamar:
$ mv ./#bc.txt ./#cd.txt or $ mv '#bc.txt' '#cd.txt'
Kwafi shi kamar:
$ cp ./#cd.txt ./#de.txt or $ cp '#cd.txt' '#de.txt'
Kuna iya gyara shi azaman amfani da zaɓin editan ku kamar:
$ vi ./#cd.txt or $ vi '#cd.txt'
$ nano ./#cd.txt or $ nano '#cd.txt'
Kuma Share shi kamar:
$ rm ./#bc.txt or $ rm '#bc.txt'
Don share duk fayilolin da ke da hash (#) a cikin sunan fayil, kuna iya amfani da:
# rm ./#*
Yin mu'amala da fayilolin da ke da semicolon (;) a cikin sunansa
Idan ba ku sani ba, semicolon yana aiki azaman mai raba umarni a cikin BASH da wataƙila sauran harsashi kuma. Semicolon yana ba ku damar aiwatar da umarni da yawa a tafi ɗaya kuma yana aiki azaman mai raba. Shin kun taɓa yin ma'amala da kowane sunan fayil mai suna semicolon a ciki? Idan ba a nan za ku yi.
Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin da ke da ɗan ramin-mulki a ciki.
$ touch ;abc.txt
touch: missing file operand Try 'touch --help' for more information. bash: abc.txt: command not found
Dalilin kuskuren da ke sama, cewa lokacin da kake gudanar da umarnin da ke sama BASH fassara tabawa azaman umarni amma ba a iya samun kowane fayil ɗin operand kafin semicolon kuma saboda haka yana ba da rahoton kuskure. Har ila yau, yana ba da rahoton wani kuskuren da 'abc.txt' umarni ba a samo ba, kawai saboda bayan semicolon BASH yana tsammanin wani umarni da 'abc.txt', ba umarni ba ne.
Don warware irin wannan kuskuren, gaya wa BASH kar ta fassara semicolon azaman mai raba umarni, kamar:
$ touch ./';abc.txt' or $ touch ';abc.txt'
Lura: Mun haɗa sunan fayil ɗin tare da ƙididdiga ɗaya >. Yana gaya wa BASH cewa ; wani yanki ne na sunan fayil kuma ba mai raba umarni ba.
Sauran ayyukan (wato, kwafi, motsawa, sharewa) akan fayil ɗin da babban fayil ɗin da ke da ɗan ƙaramin abu a cikin sunansa ana iya aiwatar da shi kai tsaye gaba ta hanyar haɗa sunan a cikin ƙira ɗaya.
Ma'amala da wasu haruffa na musamman a cikin fayil/ sunan babban fayil
Kada ka buƙaci ƙarin wani abu, kawai yi shi ta al'ada, azaman sunan fayil mai sauƙi kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
$ touch +12.txt
Dole ne ku haɗa sunan fayil a cikin zance guda ɗaya, kamar yadda muka yi a cikin yanayin semicolon. Sauran abubuwan sun mike gaba..
$ touch '$12.txt'
Ba kwa buƙatar yin wani abu daban, bi da shi azaman fayil na al'ada.
$ touch %12.txt
Samun Alamar alama a cikin sunan fayil baya canza komai kuma zaku iya ci gaba da amfani da shi azaman fayil na yau da kullun.
$ touch *12.txt
Lura: Lokacin da dole ne ka goge fayil ɗin da ya fara da *, kar a taɓa amfani da waɗannan umarni don share irin waɗannan fayilolin.
$ rm * or $ rm -rf *
Maimakon amfani,
$ rm ./*.txt
Kawai haɗa sunan fayil ɗin a cikin zance guda ɗaya kuma sauran abubuwa iri ɗaya ne.
$ touch '!12.txt'
Babu wani abu da yawa, kula da sunan fayil mai suna A Sign a matsayin fayil mara kyau.
$ touch '@12.txt'
Babu ƙarin kulawa da ake buƙata. Yi amfani da fayil mai suna ^ a sunan fayil azaman fayil na al'ada.
$ touch ^12.txt
Ya kamata a haɗa sunan fayil a cikin ƙididdiga guda ɗaya kuma kuna shirye don tafiya.
$ touch '&12.txt'
Idan sunan fayil ɗin yana da Alaka, kuna buƙatar haɗa sunan fayil tare da ƙididdiga guda ɗaya.
$ touch '(12.txt)'
Babu Karin Kulawa da ake buƙata. Kawai kula da shi azaman wani fayil kawai.
$ touch {12.txt}
Dole ne a haɗa sunan fayil mai Chevrons a cikin ƙididdiga guda ɗaya.
$ touch '<12.txt>'
Bi da sunan fayil ɗin da ke da Maƙallan Square a matsayin fayiloli na yau da kullun kuma ba kwa buƙatar kulawa da shi.
$ touch [12.txt]
Suna da yawa kuma ba sa buƙatar ƙarin wani abu. Kawai yi abin da za ku yi da fayil na al'ada.
$ touch _12.txt
Samun alamar daidai-zuwa ba ya canza komai, kuna iya amfani da shi azaman fayil na al'ada.
$ touch =12.txt
Backslash yana gaya wa harsashi don watsi da hali na gaba. Dole ne ku haɗa sunan fayil a cikin zance guda ɗaya, kamar yadda muka yi a cikin yanayin semicolon. Sauran abubuwan sun mike gaba.
$ touch '.txt'
Ba za ku iya ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin sunan wanda ya haɗa da slash na gaba (/) ba, har sai tsarin fayil ɗinku ya sami bug. Babu wata hanya ta kubuta a gaba.
Don haka idan za ku iya ƙirƙirar fayil kamar '/12.txt' ko 'b/c.txt' to ko dai Fayil ɗin ku yana da bug ko kuna da tallafin Unicode, wanda zai ba ku damar ƙirƙirar fayil tare da slash na gaba. A wannan yanayin slash na gaba ba slash na gaba bane na gaske amma halin Unicode wanda yayi kama da slash na gaba.
Bugu da ƙari, misali inda ba kwa buƙatar sanya kowane ƙoƙari na musamman. Sunan fayil mai alamar tambaya za a iya bi da shi ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa.
$ touch ?12.txt
Fayilolin da ke farawa da digo (.) na musamman ne a cikin Linux kuma ana kiransu fayilolin dige-dige. Fayilolin ɓoye ne gabaɗaya ƙaƙƙarfan tsari ko fayilolin tsarin. Dole ne ku yi amfani da canza '-a' ko '-A' tare da umarnin ls don duba irin waɗannan fayilolin.
Ƙirƙirar, gyarawa, sake suna da share irin waɗannan fayilolin suna gaba.
$ touch .12.txt
Lura: A cikin Linux kuna iya samun ɗigo masu yawa (.) kamar yadda kuke buƙata a cikin sunan fayil. Ba kamar sauran ɗigon tsarin a cikin sunan fayil baya nufin raba suna da tsawo ba. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar fayil mai ɗigogi da yawa kamar:
$ touch 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.txt
kuma duba shi kamar:
$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 0 Jun 8 14:32 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.txt
Kuna iya samun waƙafi a cikin sunan fayil, gwargwadon yadda kuke so kuma Ba ku buƙatar ƙarin wani abu. Kawai yi shi ta al'ada, azaman sunan fayil mai sauƙi.
$ touch ,12.txt or $ touch ,12,.txt
Kuna iya samun colon a cikin sunan fayil, gwargwadon yadda kuke so kuma Ba ku buƙatar ƙarin wani abu. Kawai yi shi ta al'ada, azaman sunan fayil mai sauƙi.
$ touch :12.txt or $ touch :12:.txt
Don samun ƙididdiga a cikin sunan fayil, dole ne mu yi amfani da ƙa'idar musayar. Wato, idan kuna buƙatar samun ƙima guda ɗaya a cikin sunan fayil, haɗa sunan fayil ɗin tare da ƙima biyu kuma idan kuna buƙatar samun ƙima sau biyu a cikin sunan fayil, haɗa shi da ƙima ɗaya.
$ touch "15'.txt" and $ touch '15”.txt'
Wasu Editoci a cikin Linux kamar emacs suna ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin madadin fayil ɗin da ake gyarawa. Fayil ɗin ajiyar yana da sunan ainihin fayil ɗin tare da tilde a ƙarshen sunan fayil ɗin. Kuna iya samun fayil ɗin wanda sunan sa ya haɗa da tilde, a kowane wuri kawai kamar:
$ touch ~1a.txt or $touch 2b~.txt
Ƙirƙirar fayil sunan wanda ke da sarari tsakanin haruffa/kalmomi, a ce \hi sunana avishek.txt.
Ba kyakkyawan ra'ayi ba ne a sami sunan fayil tare da sarari kuma idan dole ne ka bambanta sunan da za a iya karantawa, ya kamata ka yi amfani da, ba da alama ko dash. Duk da haka idan dole ne ka ƙirƙiri irin wannan fayil ɗin, dole ne ka yi amfani da slash na baya wanda ya yi watsi da hali na gaba gare shi. Don ƙirƙirar fayil na sama dole mu yi shi ta wannan hanyar..
$ touch hi\ my\ name\ is\ avishek.txt hi my name is avishek.txt
Na yi ƙoƙarin rufe duk yanayin da za ku iya fuskanta. Yawancin aiwatar da abubuwan da ke sama a bayyane suke don BASH Shell kuma maiyuwa baya aiki a cikin wani harsashi.
Idan kuna jin cewa na rasa wani abu (wanda ya zama ruwan dare kuma yanayin ɗan adam), kuna iya haɗa da shawarar ku a cikin sharhin da ke ƙasa. Ci gaba da Haɗuwa, Ci gaba da yin tsokaci. Kasance da Sauraro kuma a haɗa! Like da share mu kuma taimaka mana mu yada!