Jerin RHCSA: Sanya RHEL 7 Shigarwa ta Amfani da Kickstart - Part 12


Sabar Linux da wuya kwalaye ne keɓaɓɓu. Ko a cikin ma'ajin bayanai ne ko kuma a cikin mahallin lab, da alama kun sanya na'urori da yawa waɗanda za su yi hulɗa da juna ta wata hanya. Idan kun ninka lokacin da ake buƙata don shigar da Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 da hannu akan sabar guda ɗaya ta adadin akwatunan da kuke buƙatar saitawa, wannan na iya haifar da dogon ƙoƙarin da za'a iya gujewa ta hanyar amfani da ba tare da kulawa ba. kayan aikin shigarwa da aka sani da kickstart.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu nuna abin da kuke buƙatar amfani da kickstart utility don ku iya manta game da sabar babysitting yayin aikin shigarwa.

Kickstart wata hanyar shigarwa ce ta atomatik da Red Hat Enterprise Linux ke amfani da ita (da sauran Fedora spin-offs, kamar CentOS, Oracle Linux, da sauransu) don aiwatar da shigarwa da daidaita tsarin aiki marasa kulawa. Don haka, shigarwa na kickstart yana ba masu gudanar da tsarin damar samun tsarin iri ɗaya, gwargwadon shigar ƙungiyoyin kunshin da tsarin tsarin, tare da kiyaye su cikin wahalar shigar kowane ɗayansu da hannu.

Ana shirin Shigar Kickstart

Don aiwatar da shigarwa na kickstart, muna buƙatar bin waɗannan matakan:

1. Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin Kickstart, fayil ɗin rubutu a sarari tare da zaɓuɓɓukan daidaitawa da yawa.

2. Sanya fayil ɗin Kickstart a kan kafofin watsa labarai masu cirewa, rumbun kwamfutarka ko wurin cibiyar sadarwa. Abokin ciniki zai yi amfani da fayil ɗin rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-boot.iso, yayin da kuna buƙatar yin cikakken hoton ISO (rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso) samuwa daga hanyar hanyar sadarwa, kamar: HTTP na uwar garken FTP (a halin yanzu, za mu yi amfani da wani akwatin RHEL 7 mai IP 192.168.0.18).

3. Fara shigarwa na Kickstart

Don ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin kickstart, shiga cikin asusun Portal Abokin Ciniki na Red Hat, kuma yi amfani da kayan aikin daidaitawar Kickstart don zaɓar zaɓuɓɓukan shigarwa da ake so. Karanta kowane ɗayansu a hankali kafin gungurawa ƙasa, kuma zaɓi abin da ya dace da bukatunku:

Idan ka saka cewa ya kamata a yi shigarwa ko dai ta hanyar HTTP, FTP, ko NFS, tabbatar cewa tacewar ta kan uwar garke tana ba da damar waɗannan ayyukan.

Kodayake kuna iya amfani da kayan aikin kan layi na Red Hat don ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin kickstart, kuna iya ƙirƙira shi da hannu ta amfani da layin masu zuwa azaman tunani. Za ku lura, alal misali, cewa tsarin shigarwa zai kasance cikin Ingilishi, ta amfani da shimfidar madannai na Latin Amurka da yankin lokaci na Amurka/Argentina/San_Luis:

lang en_US
keyboard la-latin1
timezone America/Argentina/San_Luis --isUtc
rootpw $1$5sOtDvRo$In4KTmX7OmcOW9HUvWtfn0 --iscrypted
#platform x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
text
url --url=http://192.168.0.18//kickstart/media
bootloader --location=mbr --append="rhgb quiet crashkernel=auto"
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
autopart
auth --passalgo=sha512 --useshadow
selinux --enforcing
firewall --enabled
firstboot --disable
%packages
@base
@backup-server
@print-server
%end

A cikin kayan aiki na kan layi, yi amfani da 192.168.0.18 don HTTP Server da /kickstart/tecmint.bindon HTTP Directory a cikin Sashen Shigarwa bayan zaɓi HTTP azaman tushen shigarwa. A ƙarshe, danna maɓallin Zazzagewa a saman kusurwar dama don zazzage fayil ɗin kickstart.

A cikin fayil ɗin samfurin kickstart da ke sama, kuna buƙatar kula da hankali.

url --url=http://192.168.0.18//kickstart/media

Wannan jagorar ita ce inda kake buƙatar cire abubuwan da ke cikin DVD ko kafofin watsa labarai na shigarwa na ISO. Kafin yin haka, za mu ɗaga fayil ɗin shigarwa na ISO a/media/rhel azaman na'urar madauki:

# mount -o loop /var/www/html/kickstart/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso /media/rhel

Na gaba, kwafi duk abubuwan da ke cikin /media/rhel zuwa /var/www/html/kickstart/media:

# cp -R /media/rhel /var/www/html/kickstart/media

Lokacin da kuka gama, jerin kundin adireshi da amfani da diski na /var/www/html/kickstart/media yakamata suyi kama da haka:

Yanzu muna shirye don fara shigarwa na kickstart.

Ko da kuwa yadda kuka zaɓi ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin kickstart, yana da kyau koyaushe ku bincika ma'anar sa kafin a ci gaba da shigarwa. Don yin haka, shigar da kunshin pykickstart.

# yum update && yum install pykickstart

Sannan yi amfani da utility ksvalidator don bincika fayil ɗin:

# ksvalidator /var/www/html/kickstart/tecmint.bin

Idan tsarin daidaitawa daidai ne, ba za ku sami wani fitarwa ba, yayin da idan akwai kuskure a cikin fayil ɗin, zaku sami sanarwar faɗakarwa da ke nuna layin da tsarin ba daidai bane ko ba a sani ba.

Yin Shigar Kickstart

Don farawa, taya abokin ciniki ta amfani da rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-boot.iso fayil. Lokacin da allon farko ya bayyana, zaɓi Shigar da Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 kuma danna maɓallin Tab don ƙara maƙalar mai zuwa sannan danna Shigar:

# inst.ks=http://192.168.0.18/kickstart/tecmint.bin

Inda tecmint.bin shine fayil ɗin kickstart da aka ƙirƙira a baya.

Lokacin da ka danna Shigar, shigarwa mai sarrafa kansa zai fara, kuma za ka ga jerin fakitin da ake sanyawa (lambar da sunayen za su bambanta dangane da zaɓi na shirye-shirye da kungiyoyin fakitin):

Lokacin da tsari mai sarrafa kansa ya ƙare, za a sa ku cire kafofin watsa labarai na shigarwa sannan za ku sami damar shiga cikin sabon tsarin da kuka shigar:

Kodayake zaku iya ƙirƙirar fayilolin kickstart ɗinku da hannu kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, yakamata kuyi la'akari da yin amfani da tsarin da aka ba da shawarar a duk lokacin da zai yiwu. Kuna iya amfani da kayan aikin daidaitawa na kan layi, ko fayil ɗin anaconda-ks.cfg wanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar shigarwa a cikin kundin adireshin gida na tushen.

Wannan fayil ɗin ainihin fayil ne na kickstart, don haka kuna iya shigar da akwatin farko da hannu tare da duk zaɓuɓɓukan da ake so (watakila canza shimfidar juzu'i na ma'ana ko tsarin fayil akan kowannensu) sannan kuyi amfani da sakamakon anaconda-ks.cfg. fayil don sarrafa shigar da sauran.

Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da kayan aiki na kan layi ko fayil ɗin anaconda-ks.cfg don jagorantar shigarwa na gaba zai ba ku damar aiwatar da su ta amfani da rufaffen tushen kalmar sirri daga-da-akwatin.

Kammalawa

Yanzu da kuka san yadda ake ƙirƙirar fayilolin kickstart da yadda ake amfani da su don sarrafa shigar da sabar Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, zaku iya mantawa game da kula da tsarin shigarwa. Wannan zai ba ku lokaci don yin wasu abubuwa, ko watakila wasu lokacin hutu idan kun yi sa'a.

Ko ta yaya, bari mu san abin da kuke tunani game da wannan labarin ta amfani da fom ɗin da ke ƙasa. Tambayoyi kuma suna maraba!