Yadda ake saita hanyar sadarwa (NIC) Haɗin kai/Tawaga akan Linux Debian


Haɗin kai na NIC yana ba da mafita mai ban sha'awa ga sakewa da wadatuwa mai yawa a cikin sabar/wuraren sarrafa kwamfuta. Tare da ikon samun katunan mu'amalar cibiyar sadarwa da yawa, mai gudanarwa na iya zama mai ƙirƙira ta yadda ake samun dama ga wata sabar ta musamman ko ƙirƙirar bututu mai girma don zirga-zirgar ababen hawa don gudana ta cikin takamaiman sabar.

Wannan jagorar za ta yi tafiya ta hanyar haɗin kai na katunan sadarwar hanyar sadarwa guda biyu akan tsarin Debian. Za a yi amfani da software da aka sani da ifenslave don haɗawa da kuma cire NICs daga na'urar da aka haɗa. Na'urar haɗin kai ta zama na'urar sadarwar da ke mu'amala da kernel amma a zahiri tana amfani da ainihin na'urar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa (eth0, eth1, da sauransu).

Abu na farko da za a yi kafin kowane saiti, shine sanin nau'in haɗin kai wanda ainihin tsarin ke buƙatar aiwatarwa. Akwai hanyoyin haɗin kai guda shida da ke tallafawa kernel na Linux har zuwa wannan rubutun. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan 'hanyoyin' haɗin gwiwa suna da sauƙi don saitawa kuma wasu suna buƙatar saiti na musamman akan maɓallan da hanyoyin haɗin ke haɗawa.

Fahimtar Yanayin Bond

Ana kiran wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwar NIC 'Round-Robin', saboda haka 'RR' a cikin sunan. Tare da wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwa, fakitin cibiyoyin sadarwa suna juya su ta kowane katin mu'amalar hanyar sadarwa waɗanda ke haɗa haɗin haɗin gwiwa.

Misali, tsarin da ke da eth0, eth1, da eth2 duk an bautar da su zuwa haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan haɗin gwiwa, lokacin da aka kunna shi tare da yanayin haɗin gwiwa 0, zai aika fakiti na farko daga eth0, fakiti na biyu daga eth1, fakiti na uku namu eth2, sannan ya fara dawowa a eth0 tare da fakiti na huɗu. Wannan shine inda yanayin ke samun sunan 'round-robin'.

Tare da wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwa, hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya ce kawai ke aiki yayin da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin haɗin suna jira kawai don gazawa a cikin hanyar haɗin yanar gizo zuwa katin mu'amala na farko.

A cikin ma'auni XOR bond yanayin haɗin gwiwa zai kimanta tushen da adireshin mac ɗin da ake nufi don sanin wane nau'in haɗin yanar gizon zai aika fakitin cibiyar sadarwa. Wannan hanyar za ta ɗauki nau'i iri ɗaya don adireshin mac ɗin da aka bayar kuma a sakamakon haka yana da ikon daidaita nauyi da haƙurin kuskure.

A cikin wannan hanyar na'urar haɗin kai za ta aika da bayanai daga duk hanyoyin haɗin bayi don haka 'watsawa' sunan wannan hanyar haɗin kai ta musamman. Akwai kadan amfani ga wannan hanya amma yana ba da matakin jure rashin kuskure.

Wannan hanya ce ta haɗin kai ta musamman don haɗa haɗin haɗin gwiwa kuma baya buƙatar tsari na musamman akan canjin wanda wannan keɓaɓɓen keɓancewar haɗin ke haɗawa. Wannan hanyar tana bin ka'idodin IEEE don haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa kuma yana ba da haƙurin kuskure duka da haɓaka bandwidth.

A cikin TLB haɗin zai karɓi zirga-zirga a kan mu'amalar bayi kamar yadda aka saba amma lokacin da tsarin ke buƙatar aika zirga-zirga, zai ƙayyade abin da ke dubawa shine mafi kyawun isar da bayanai bisa la'akari da nauyi/jerin gwano don kowane musaya.

A cikin ALB haɗin zai ɗora ma'auni mai kama da Bond Mode 5 amma tare da ƙarin ikon ɗaukar ma'auni kuma.

Dangane da rawar da tsarin zai taka, zabar hanyar haɗin kai da ta dace yana da mahimmanci. Za a yi wannan koyawa akan Debian Jessie tare da hanyoyin sadarwa guda biyu (eth0 da eth1) kuma za a saita don yanayin haɗin gwiwa 1 ko madadin aiki.

Koyaya, yana da sauƙi don canzawa tsakanin hanyoyin daban-daban kamar yadda kawai canji ne a cikin fayil ɗin musaya na hanyar sadarwa ( ɗauka cewa ba a zaɓi yanayin haɗin gwiwa 4 ba kamar yadda yake buƙatar daidaitawa).

Kanfigareshan Ƙungiya ta NIC

Mataki na farko zuwa wannan tsari shine samun ingantaccen software daga ma'ajin. Software na Debian an san shi da ifenslave kuma ana iya shigar da shi tare da 'apt'.

# apt-get install ifenslave-2.6

Da zarar an shigar da software, za a buƙaci a gaya wa kernel ɗin don loda tsarin haɗin gwiwa duka don wannan shigarwa na yanzu da kuma kan sake kunnawa nan gaba. Don loda tsarin wannan lokaci guda, ana iya amfani da kayan aikin 'modprobe' don loda samfuran kwaya.

# modprobe bonding

Bugu da ƙari, don tabbatar da cewa wannan haɗin yana aiki akan tsarin sake kunnawa,'/etc/modules' fayil yana buƙatar gyara don sanar da kernel don loda abubuwan haɗin gwiwa akan farawa.

# echo 'bonding' >> /etc/modules 

Yanzu da aka sanar da kernel ɗin abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɗin gwiwar NIC, lokaci ya yi da za a ƙirƙiri ainihin haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar fayil ɗin musaya wanda yake a ''/etc/network/interfaces' kuma ana iya daidaita shi tare da kowane editan rubutu.

# nano /etc/network/interfaces

Wannan fayil ɗin yana ƙunshe da saitunan cibiyar sadarwa don duk na'urorin sadarwar da tsarin ya haɗa. Wannan misalin yana da katunan cibiyar sadarwa guda biyu (eth0 da eth1). Ya kamata a ƙirƙiri madaidaicin haɗin haɗin gwiwa don bautar da katunan cibiyar sadarwar jiki guda biyu zuwa cikin mahallin ma'ana guda ɗaya a cikin wannan fayil ɗin. Wannan fayil ɗin musaya ne mai sauƙi amma yana yin duk abin da ya wajaba don ƙirƙirar haɗin haɗin gwiwa.

Na farko stanza (akwatin ja a sama) shine daidaitaccen tsarin dubawa na loopback. 'auto lo' yana sanar da kernel don kawo adaftar ta atomatik a farawa. 'iface lo inet loopback' yana gaya wa tsarin cewa wannan ƙirar shine tsarin madauki-baya dubawa ko fiye da ambaton 127.0.0.1.

Na biyu stanza (akwatin rawaya a sama) shine ainihin haɗin haɗin haɗin da za a yi amfani da shi. The ''auto bond0' yana gaya wa tsarin don ƙaddamar da haɗin kai ta atomatik lokacin farawa tsarin. 'iface bond0 inet dhcp' na iya zama a bayyane amma kawai idan, wannan stanza ya bayyana cewa mahaɗin mai suna bond0 ya kamata ya sami bayanin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol).

mode-mode 1’ shine abin da ake amfani da shi don tantance wane yanayin haɗin gwiwa ke amfani da wannan haɗin haɗin gwiwa. A cikin wannan misalin haɗin-yanayin 1 yana nuna cewa wannan haɗin haɗin saitin aiki ne mai aiki tare da zaɓi '' bond-primary' yana nuna babban haɗin gwiwa don amfani da shi. ‘bayi eth0 eth1’ ya bayyana waɗancan mu’amala ta zahiri wani ɓangare ne na wannan haɗin kai na musamman.

Layukan biyu na gaba suna da mahimmanci don tantance lokacin da haɗin gwiwa ya kamata ya canza daga mahaɗin farko zuwa ɗaya daga cikin mu'amalar bayi a cikin yanayin gazawar hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Miimon yana ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su don sa ido kan matsayin haɗin haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗayan zaɓin shine amfani da buƙatun arp.

Wannan jagorar zai yi amfani da miimon. 'bond-miimon 100' yana gaya wa kernel su bincika hanyar haɗin kowane ms 100. ‘bond-downdelay 400’ yana nufin cewa tsarin zai jira 400 ms kafin a gama da cewa haƙiƙa na aiki a halin yanzu yana ƙasa.

Ana amfani da '' bond-updelay 800' don gaya wa tsarin ya jira ta amfani da sabon aiki mai aiki har zuwa 800 ms bayan an kawo hanyar haɗin. Bayanan kula game da sabuntawa da raguwa, duka waɗannan dabi'un dole ne su zama nau'ikan ƙimar miimon in ba haka ba tsarin zai zagaye ƙasa.